Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding

The production of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins using recyclable biomass materials and no isocyanates as a substitute for traditional polyurethane (PU) materials has become a research focus in the polyurethane industry. The development of such NIPU resins for application as wood adhesive...

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Main Authors: Hongyi Zhong, Qianyu Zhang, Hong Lei, Xiaojian Zhou, Jun Zhang, Guanben Du, Antonio Pizzi, Xuedong Xi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1541
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author Hongyi Zhong
Qianyu Zhang
Hong Lei
Xiaojian Zhou
Jun Zhang
Guanben Du
Antonio Pizzi
Xuedong Xi
author_facet Hongyi Zhong
Qianyu Zhang
Hong Lei
Xiaojian Zhou
Jun Zhang
Guanben Du
Antonio Pizzi
Xuedong Xi
author_sort Hongyi Zhong
collection DOAJ
description The production of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins using recyclable biomass materials and no isocyanates as a substitute for traditional polyurethane (PU) materials has become a research focus in the polyurethane industry. The development of such NIPU resins for application as wood adhesives has also emerged as an interesting new research topic. In this study, sucrose was used to react with dimethyl carbonate, and then polymerized with an amine to prepare sucrose-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (SNIPU) adhesives and evaluate their suitability for use in plywood. Four amines, namely polyethylene amine (PEI) of molecular weight (MW) 10,000, PEI of MW 1800, diethylenetriamine, and hexanediamine were tested in the preparation of SNIPU adhesives to determine a more suitable amine showing optimal adhesion performance. The effect of the amount of the amine added on adhesive properties was further investigated. The results showed that the SNIPU adhesive prepared with PEI-10000 as amine presents a good bonding performance. The SNIPU prepared with a PEI-10000 content of 45% (<i>w/w</i> on sucrose) presented the highest bonding strength. The dry strength, 24 h cold water (23 °C) wet strength, and 3 h hot water (63 °C and 93 °C) wet strengths of its bonded plywood were 1.26 MPa, 0.90 MPa, 0.84 MPa, and 0.80 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 13% (<i>w/w</i> on SNIPU adhesive) of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as a modifier showed a significant decrease of 20 °C of the curing temperature of the SNIPU adhesive.
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spelling doaj-art-54dc3673c0d54555ada2fb7c194225af2025-08-20T02:09:14ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01307154110.3390/molecules30071541Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood BondingHongyi Zhong0Qianyu Zhang1Hong Lei2Xiaojian Zhou3Jun Zhang4Guanben Du5Antonio Pizzi6Xuedong Xi7Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of Material Science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of Material Science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaYunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of Material Science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of Material Science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of Material Science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaLERMAB, University of Lorraine, 88000 Epinal, FranceYunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of Material Science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaThe production of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins using recyclable biomass materials and no isocyanates as a substitute for traditional polyurethane (PU) materials has become a research focus in the polyurethane industry. The development of such NIPU resins for application as wood adhesives has also emerged as an interesting new research topic. In this study, sucrose was used to react with dimethyl carbonate, and then polymerized with an amine to prepare sucrose-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (SNIPU) adhesives and evaluate their suitability for use in plywood. Four amines, namely polyethylene amine (PEI) of molecular weight (MW) 10,000, PEI of MW 1800, diethylenetriamine, and hexanediamine were tested in the preparation of SNIPU adhesives to determine a more suitable amine showing optimal adhesion performance. The effect of the amount of the amine added on adhesive properties was further investigated. The results showed that the SNIPU adhesive prepared with PEI-10000 as amine presents a good bonding performance. The SNIPU prepared with a PEI-10000 content of 45% (<i>w/w</i> on sucrose) presented the highest bonding strength. The dry strength, 24 h cold water (23 °C) wet strength, and 3 h hot water (63 °C and 93 °C) wet strengths of its bonded plywood were 1.26 MPa, 0.90 MPa, 0.84 MPa, and 0.80 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 13% (<i>w/w</i> on SNIPU adhesive) of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as a modifier showed a significant decrease of 20 °C of the curing temperature of the SNIPU adhesive.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1541biomass adhesiveNIPUsucrosebonding strength
spellingShingle Hongyi Zhong
Qianyu Zhang
Hong Lei
Xiaojian Zhou
Jun Zhang
Guanben Du
Antonio Pizzi
Xuedong Xi
Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding
Molecules
biomass adhesive
NIPU
sucrose
bonding strength
title Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding
title_full Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding
title_fullStr Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding
title_short Preparation and Modification of Sucrose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Plywood Bonding
title_sort preparation and modification of sucrose based non isocyanate polyurethane adhesives for plywood bonding
topic biomass adhesive
NIPU
sucrose
bonding strength
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1541
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AT honglei preparationandmodificationofsucrosebasednonisocyanatepolyurethaneadhesivesforplywoodbonding
AT xiaojianzhou preparationandmodificationofsucrosebasednonisocyanatepolyurethaneadhesivesforplywoodbonding
AT junzhang preparationandmodificationofsucrosebasednonisocyanatepolyurethaneadhesivesforplywoodbonding
AT guanbendu preparationandmodificationofsucrosebasednonisocyanatepolyurethaneadhesivesforplywoodbonding
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