Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the flexural mechanical properties of mineralized (massive sulfides) and non-mineralized (meta-rhyolitic tuff) rock samples using a three-point bending test. Mineralogical analysis was conducted on samples from both rock categories, followed by the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haitham M. Ahmed, Essam B. Moustafa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Geosciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/7/263
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849733528745410560
author Haitham M. Ahmed
Essam B. Moustafa
author_facet Haitham M. Ahmed
Essam B. Moustafa
author_sort Haitham M. Ahmed
collection DOAJ
description An experimental study was conducted to investigate the flexural mechanical properties of mineralized (massive sulfides) and non-mineralized (meta-rhyolitic tuff) rock samples using a three-point bending test. Mineralogical analysis was conducted on samples from both rock categories, followed by the determination of physical properties (P-wave velocity and density). In the massive sulfide zones, there are three distinctive zones of mineralization, each exhibiting varying degrees of pyritization: the intense pyritization zone (formerly Zone A) exhibited extensive pyrite replacement of sphalerite and chalcopyrite, the transitional zone (Zone B) displays intergrowths of pyrite and sphalerite, and the coarse sulfide zone (Zone C) features coarser, less altered sulfides—polyphase hydrothermal alteration, including sericitization, silicification, and amphibole veining. Mineralized rocks showed a 35.18% increase in density (3.65 ± 0.17 kg/m<sup>3</sup> vs. 2.72 ± 0.014 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) attributed to dense sulfide content. The flexural strength more than doubled (99.02 ± 4.42 GPa vs. 43.17 ± 6.45 GPa), experiencing a 129% increase, due to homogeneous chalcopyrite distribution and fine-grained sulfide networks. Despite strength differences, deflection rates showed a non-significant 4% variation (0.373 ± 0.083 mm for mineralized vs. 0.389 ± 0.074 mm for metamorphic rocks), indicating comparable ductility.
format Article
id doaj-art-54d88a7c2b0647f9b73c2e31ce1e00fa
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-3263
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Geosciences
spelling doaj-art-54d88a7c2b0647f9b73c2e31ce1e00fa2025-08-20T03:08:01ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632025-07-0115726310.3390/geosciences15070263Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic RocksHaitham M. Ahmed0Essam B. Moustafa1Mining Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaAn experimental study was conducted to investigate the flexural mechanical properties of mineralized (massive sulfides) and non-mineralized (meta-rhyolitic tuff) rock samples using a three-point bending test. Mineralogical analysis was conducted on samples from both rock categories, followed by the determination of physical properties (P-wave velocity and density). In the massive sulfide zones, there are three distinctive zones of mineralization, each exhibiting varying degrees of pyritization: the intense pyritization zone (formerly Zone A) exhibited extensive pyrite replacement of sphalerite and chalcopyrite, the transitional zone (Zone B) displays intergrowths of pyrite and sphalerite, and the coarse sulfide zone (Zone C) features coarser, less altered sulfides—polyphase hydrothermal alteration, including sericitization, silicification, and amphibole veining. Mineralized rocks showed a 35.18% increase in density (3.65 ± 0.17 kg/m<sup>3</sup> vs. 2.72 ± 0.014 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) attributed to dense sulfide content. The flexural strength more than doubled (99.02 ± 4.42 GPa vs. 43.17 ± 6.45 GPa), experiencing a 129% increase, due to homogeneous chalcopyrite distribution and fine-grained sulfide networks. Despite strength differences, deflection rates showed a non-significant 4% variation (0.373 ± 0.083 mm for mineralized vs. 0.389 ± 0.074 mm for metamorphic rocks), indicating comparable ductility.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/7/263sulfide mineralizationthree-point flexural testP-wavemeta-rhyolitic tuffmechanical propertiesflexural strength
spellingShingle Haitham M. Ahmed
Essam B. Moustafa
Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks
Geosciences
sulfide mineralization
three-point flexural test
P-wave
meta-rhyolitic tuff
mechanical properties
flexural strength
title Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks
title_full Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks
title_fullStr Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks
title_short Comparative Flexural Response of Mineralized Massive Sulfides and Meta-Rhyolitic Rocks
title_sort comparative flexural response of mineralized massive sulfides and meta rhyolitic rocks
topic sulfide mineralization
three-point flexural test
P-wave
meta-rhyolitic tuff
mechanical properties
flexural strength
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/7/263
work_keys_str_mv AT haithammahmed comparativeflexuralresponseofmineralizedmassivesulfidesandmetarhyoliticrocks
AT essambmoustafa comparativeflexuralresponseofmineralizedmassivesulfidesandmetarhyoliticrocks