Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications

In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study was undertaken to assess the impact of rare-earth co-doping of silica glasses on the light emission under X-rays. To this aim, radioluminescence (RL), phosphorescence (PP), and thermoluminescence (TL) signals of Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<s...

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Main Authors: Ismail Zghari, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Adriana Morana, Youcef Ouerdane, Bruno Capoen, Sarah Garzandat, Sylvain Girard, Aziz Boukenter, Franck Mady, Mourad Benabdesselam, Gilles Mélin, Mohamed Bouazaoui
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3005
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author Ismail Zghari
Hicham El Hamzaoui
Adriana Morana
Youcef Ouerdane
Bruno Capoen
Sarah Garzandat
Sylvain Girard
Aziz Boukenter
Franck Mady
Mourad Benabdesselam
Gilles Mélin
Mohamed Bouazaoui
author_facet Ismail Zghari
Hicham El Hamzaoui
Adriana Morana
Youcef Ouerdane
Bruno Capoen
Sarah Garzandat
Sylvain Girard
Aziz Boukenter
Franck Mady
Mourad Benabdesselam
Gilles Mélin
Mohamed Bouazaoui
author_sort Ismail Zghari
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study was undertaken to assess the impact of rare-earth co-doping of silica glasses on the light emission under X-rays. To this aim, radioluminescence (RL), phosphorescence (PP), and thermoluminescence (TL) signals of Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<sup>3+</sup> co-doped silica glasses have been successively measured and combined at different dose rates and irradiation temperatures. The RL response of the weakly co-doped sample was found to be temperature-independent between 273 K and 353 K. This result suggests that, based on this RL response, it is possible to design ionizing radiation sensors independent of the irradiation temperature in the corresponding range. Moreover, a model that considers the electron–hole pair generation, the charge carrier trapping–detrapping, and the electron–hole recombination in the localized and delocalized bands has been developed to reproduce these optical signals. The theoretical model also explains the temperature independence of the RL response between 273 K and 353 K for the weakly co-doped sample and, therefore, the operating principle of an X-ray sensor independent of the irradiation temperature.
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spelling doaj-art-54d8612fc2d94f3ab4d7b9b1de284e342025-08-20T01:56:42ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510300510.3390/s25103005Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry ApplicationsIsmail Zghari0Hicham El Hamzaoui1Adriana Morana2Youcef Ouerdane3Bruno Capoen4Sarah Garzandat5Sylvain Girard6Aziz Boukenter7Franck Mady8Mourad Benabdesselam9Gilles Mélin10Mohamed Bouazaoui11Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniversité Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, FranceUniversité Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, FranceUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniversité Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, FranceUniversité Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, FranceUniversité Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice—INPHYNI UMR 7010, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, FranceUniversité Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice—INPHYNI UMR 7010, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, FranceExail, Rue Paul Sabatier, F-22300 Lannion, FranceUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, FranceIn this paper, an experimental and theoretical study was undertaken to assess the impact of rare-earth co-doping of silica glasses on the light emission under X-rays. To this aim, radioluminescence (RL), phosphorescence (PP), and thermoluminescence (TL) signals of Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<sup>3+</sup> co-doped silica glasses have been successively measured and combined at different dose rates and irradiation temperatures. The RL response of the weakly co-doped sample was found to be temperature-independent between 273 K and 353 K. This result suggests that, based on this RL response, it is possible to design ionizing radiation sensors independent of the irradiation temperature in the corresponding range. Moreover, a model that considers the electron–hole pair generation, the charge carrier trapping–detrapping, and the electron–hole recombination in the localized and delocalized bands has been developed to reproduce these optical signals. The theoretical model also explains the temperature independence of the RL response between 273 K and 353 K for the weakly co-doped sample and, therefore, the operating principle of an X-ray sensor independent of the irradiation temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3005fiber sensorssilica glassX-rayrare-earthradioluminescencethermoluminescence
spellingShingle Ismail Zghari
Hicham El Hamzaoui
Adriana Morana
Youcef Ouerdane
Bruno Capoen
Sarah Garzandat
Sylvain Girard
Aziz Boukenter
Franck Mady
Mourad Benabdesselam
Gilles Mélin
Mohamed Bouazaoui
Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications
Sensors
fiber sensors
silica glass
X-ray
rare-earth
radioluminescence
thermoluminescence
title Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications
title_full Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications
title_fullStr Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications
title_short Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Trap Level Concentrations in Silica Glasses: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Light Emission Under X-Rays for Dosimetry Applications
title_sort effect of rare earth co doping on the trap level concentrations in silica glasses experimental and theoretical study of the light emission under x rays for dosimetry applications
topic fiber sensors
silica glass
X-ray
rare-earth
radioluminescence
thermoluminescence
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3005
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