Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora

Introduction: Food insecurity, defined as limited or uncertain access to adequate food, is recognized as a public health problem linked to poor eating habits, chronic diseases, and social inequalities. This study aims to characterize and compare food insecurity status among immigrant and...

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Main Authors: Ana Raimundo Costa, Ana Hernando, Joana Sousa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Karger Publishers 2025-01-01
Series:Portuguese Journal of Public Health
Online Access:https://karger.com/article/doi/10.1159/000542686
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author Ana Raimundo Costa
Ana Hernando
Joana Sousa
author_facet Ana Raimundo Costa
Ana Hernando
Joana Sousa
author_sort Ana Raimundo Costa
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Food insecurity, defined as limited or uncertain access to adequate food, is recognized as a public health problem linked to poor eating habits, chronic diseases, and social inequalities. This study aims to characterize and compare food insecurity status among immigrant and Portuguese populations receiving primary healthcare in Amadora. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on interviews with individuals aged 18 and above, living in Amadora for at least 1 year. Sociodemographic and health status variables were collected, and food insecurity was assessed using a Portuguese-adapted version of the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. Data analysis included binary logistic regression to explore the predictive capacity of variables, with food insecurity as the outcome. Results: The estimated prevalence of household food insecurity was 29.7%, with 10.5% classified as severely food insecure. Single individuals (OR: 3.090; CI: 1.353–7.059), those with basic education (OR: 3.296; CI: 1.175–9.247); immigrants (OR: 4.358; CI: 2.206–8.611), households with three or more members (OR: 2.686; CI: 1.019–7.079), and incomes below EUR 1,100 (OR: 7.359; CI: 2.613–20.726) were more likely to belong to food insecure households. When Portuguese households were analyzed, low income (OR: 8.730; CI: 2.607–29.232) and smoking habits (OR: 3.375; CI: 1.345–8.469) were found to be potential determinants of food insecurity. As for immigrant households, being single (OR: 6.002; CI: 1.404–25.659), having a household with three or more members (OR: 13.953; CI: 2.119–91.887), and low income (OR: 7.110; CI: 1.257–40.226) increased the risk of food insecurity. Conclusion: The results of this study show that food insecurity is significantly associated with sociodemographic and health factors, with differences between Portuguese and immigrant populations. Awareness of this problem and the need for monitoring should therefore be raised to prioritize community interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-54c74d9b13d545c1a6b5a1b4fb5a4dbe2025-08-20T02:31:55ZengKarger PublishersPortuguese Journal of Public Health2504-31452025-01-01431263710.1159/000542686Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of AmadoraAna Raimundo CostaAna HernandoJoana Sousa Introduction: Food insecurity, defined as limited or uncertain access to adequate food, is recognized as a public health problem linked to poor eating habits, chronic diseases, and social inequalities. This study aims to characterize and compare food insecurity status among immigrant and Portuguese populations receiving primary healthcare in Amadora. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on interviews with individuals aged 18 and above, living in Amadora for at least 1 year. Sociodemographic and health status variables were collected, and food insecurity was assessed using a Portuguese-adapted version of the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. Data analysis included binary logistic regression to explore the predictive capacity of variables, with food insecurity as the outcome. Results: The estimated prevalence of household food insecurity was 29.7%, with 10.5% classified as severely food insecure. Single individuals (OR: 3.090; CI: 1.353–7.059), those with basic education (OR: 3.296; CI: 1.175–9.247); immigrants (OR: 4.358; CI: 2.206–8.611), households with three or more members (OR: 2.686; CI: 1.019–7.079), and incomes below EUR 1,100 (OR: 7.359; CI: 2.613–20.726) were more likely to belong to food insecure households. When Portuguese households were analyzed, low income (OR: 8.730; CI: 2.607–29.232) and smoking habits (OR: 3.375; CI: 1.345–8.469) were found to be potential determinants of food insecurity. As for immigrant households, being single (OR: 6.002; CI: 1.404–25.659), having a household with three or more members (OR: 13.953; CI: 2.119–91.887), and low income (OR: 7.110; CI: 1.257–40.226) increased the risk of food insecurity. Conclusion: The results of this study show that food insecurity is significantly associated with sociodemographic and health factors, with differences between Portuguese and immigrant populations. Awareness of this problem and the need for monitoring should therefore be raised to prioritize community interventions. https://karger.com/article/doi/10.1159/000542686
spellingShingle Ana Raimundo Costa
Ana Hernando
Joana Sousa
Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora
Portuguese Journal of Public Health
title Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora
title_full Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora
title_fullStr Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora
title_full_unstemmed Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora
title_short Food Insecurity in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese and Immigrant Population of Amadora
title_sort food insecurity in the community a cross sectional study in the portuguese and immigrant population of amadora
url https://karger.com/article/doi/10.1159/000542686
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AT joanasousa foodinsecurityinthecommunityacrosssectionalstudyintheportugueseandimmigrantpopulationofamadora