Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy

An established aspect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is tuning the nGVS signal to optimize stability on an individual basis. However, conventional tuning methods are strongly influenced by historical approaches and fail to integrate contemporary research findings. We outline a proce...

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Main Authors: Ruth McLaren, Paul F. Smith, Rachael L. Taylor, Denise Taylor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1609123/full
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author Ruth McLaren
Ruth McLaren
Paul F. Smith
Paul F. Smith
Rachael L. Taylor
Rachael L. Taylor
Denise Taylor
Denise Taylor
Denise Taylor
author_facet Ruth McLaren
Ruth McLaren
Paul F. Smith
Paul F. Smith
Rachael L. Taylor
Rachael L. Taylor
Denise Taylor
Denise Taylor
Denise Taylor
author_sort Ruth McLaren
collection DOAJ
description An established aspect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is tuning the nGVS signal to optimize stability on an individual basis. However, conventional tuning methods are strongly influenced by historical approaches and fail to integrate contemporary research findings. We outline a process used to integrate current physiological and neuroscientific insights into a robust method for personalizing nGVS signals to improve stability. We argue that an optimization protocol for a neuromodulatory nGVS signal designed to facilitate postural control needs to include: (1) A task that is relevant to the population, and which can be modified to give an appropriate level of challenge at an individual level; (2) Elements that can be reliably measured and are responsive to changes in postural control; (3) Well controlled and defined signal parameters; (4) Potential to be translated into the clinical setting. Questioning conventional methods enabled us to develop an alternative nGVS optimization assessment to enhance postural control in people with bilateral vestibulopathy. Refining this optimization assessment represents a crucial step in developing individualized nGVS interventions. The fundamental principles applied to develop our method can be adapted to other neuromodulatory stimuli across different impairments and populations.
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spelling doaj-art-54bcc2be1abb4c5781c948641b0ecdfb2025-08-20T03:47:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-06-011610.3389/fneur.2025.16091231609123Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathyRuth McLaren0Ruth McLaren1Paul F. Smith2Paul F. Smith3Rachael L. Taylor4Rachael L. Taylor5Denise Taylor6Denise Taylor7Denise Taylor8School of Clinical Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New ZealandEisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandEisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, The Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandEisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSchool of Clinical Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New ZealandEisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandNew Zealand Dizziness and Balance Centre, Auckland, New ZealandAn established aspect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is tuning the nGVS signal to optimize stability on an individual basis. However, conventional tuning methods are strongly influenced by historical approaches and fail to integrate contemporary research findings. We outline a process used to integrate current physiological and neuroscientific insights into a robust method for personalizing nGVS signals to improve stability. We argue that an optimization protocol for a neuromodulatory nGVS signal designed to facilitate postural control needs to include: (1) A task that is relevant to the population, and which can be modified to give an appropriate level of challenge at an individual level; (2) Elements that can be reliably measured and are responsive to changes in postural control; (3) Well controlled and defined signal parameters; (4) Potential to be translated into the clinical setting. Questioning conventional methods enabled us to develop an alternative nGVS optimization assessment to enhance postural control in people with bilateral vestibulopathy. Refining this optimization assessment represents a crucial step in developing individualized nGVS interventions. The fundamental principles applied to develop our method can be adapted to other neuromodulatory stimuli across different impairments and populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1609123/fullneuromodulationgalvanic vestibular stimulationnGVSvestibularposturebalance
spellingShingle Ruth McLaren
Ruth McLaren
Paul F. Smith
Paul F. Smith
Rachael L. Taylor
Rachael L. Taylor
Denise Taylor
Denise Taylor
Denise Taylor
Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
Frontiers in Neurology
neuromodulation
galvanic vestibular stimulation
nGVS
vestibular
posture
balance
title Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
title_full Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
title_fullStr Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
title_short Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
title_sort optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation ngvs for postural control methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
topic neuromodulation
galvanic vestibular stimulation
nGVS
vestibular
posture
balance
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1609123/full
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