Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery

Abstract High-precision and wide coverage data on rural household wealth are essential for bridging national-level rural revitalization policies with micro-level rural entities, enabling the precise allocation of public resources. However, the vast number and dispersed distribution of rural communit...

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Main Authors: Weipan Xu, Qiumeng Li, Yaofu Huang, Yu Gu, Xun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025-07-01
Series:Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05400-y
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author Weipan Xu
Qiumeng Li
Yaofu Huang
Yu Gu
Xun Li
author_facet Weipan Xu
Qiumeng Li
Yaofu Huang
Yu Gu
Xun Li
author_sort Weipan Xu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract High-precision and wide coverage data on rural household wealth are essential for bridging national-level rural revitalization policies with micro-level rural entities, enabling the precise allocation of public resources. However, the vast number and dispersed distribution of rural communities in China make wealth data difficult to collect and scarce in availability. To address this challenge, this study proposes an integrated technical framework that combines “sky” remote sensing imagery with “ground” village street view imagery to construct a fine-grained, computable representation of rural household wealth. Centered on the intelligent interpretation of rural housing features, we extract wealth-related visual elements from imagery and regress them against benchmark survey-based household wealth indicators to develop a high-accuracy township-level wealth prediction model (R² = 71%). This model is used to generate a nationwide, township-scale rural household wealth map. Our findings reveal a distinct “bimodal” spatial distribution of rural wealth in China, characterized by a polarization pattern: higher in the south and east, and lower in the north and west. This approach offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative to traditional household surveys, supporting the identification of rural development gaps and facilitating more targeted and effective rural policy implementation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2662-9992
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-54b541074cf54daaa8ccd64a820e489f2025-08-20T03:37:23ZengSpringer NatureHumanities & Social Sciences Communications2662-99922025-07-0112111310.1057/s41599-025-05400-yBeyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imageryWeipan Xu0Qiumeng Li1Yaofu Huang2Yu Gu3Xun Li4Sun Yat-sen UniversityHong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)Sun Yat-sen UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract High-precision and wide coverage data on rural household wealth are essential for bridging national-level rural revitalization policies with micro-level rural entities, enabling the precise allocation of public resources. However, the vast number and dispersed distribution of rural communities in China make wealth data difficult to collect and scarce in availability. To address this challenge, this study proposes an integrated technical framework that combines “sky” remote sensing imagery with “ground” village street view imagery to construct a fine-grained, computable representation of rural household wealth. Centered on the intelligent interpretation of rural housing features, we extract wealth-related visual elements from imagery and regress them against benchmark survey-based household wealth indicators to develop a high-accuracy township-level wealth prediction model (R² = 71%). This model is used to generate a nationwide, township-scale rural household wealth map. Our findings reveal a distinct “bimodal” spatial distribution of rural wealth in China, characterized by a polarization pattern: higher in the south and east, and lower in the north and west. This approach offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative to traditional household surveys, supporting the identification of rural development gaps and facilitating more targeted and effective rural policy implementation.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05400-y
spellingShingle Weipan Xu
Qiumeng Li
Yaofu Huang
Yu Gu
Xun Li
Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery
Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
title Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery
title_full Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery
title_fullStr Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery
title_full_unstemmed Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery
title_short Beyond surveys: high-resolution mapping of rural wealth in China using satellite and street view imagery
title_sort beyond surveys high resolution mapping of rural wealth in china using satellite and street view imagery
url https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05400-y
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