Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
Abstract Background Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of in...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Helmut Schröder Charlotte Juton Michael I. Goran Julia Wärnberg Maddi Osés Marcela Gonzalez-Gross Narcis Gusi Susana Aznar Elena Marín-Cascales Miguel González-Valeiro Estefanía Herrera-Ramos Nicolás Terrados Josep A. Tur Marta Segú Montserrat Fitó Lourdes Ribas-Barba Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño Luis Peña-Quintana Paula Berruezo Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín Idoia Labayen Augusto G. Zapico Jesús Sánchez-Gómez Fabio Jiménez-Zazo Pedro E. Alcaraz Marta Sevilla-Sanchez Susana Pulgar Cristina Bouzas Lluis Serra-Majem Santiago F. Gómez |
| author_facet | Helmut Schröder Charlotte Juton Michael I. Goran Julia Wärnberg Maddi Osés Marcela Gonzalez-Gross Narcis Gusi Susana Aznar Elena Marín-Cascales Miguel González-Valeiro Estefanía Herrera-Ramos Nicolás Terrados Josep A. Tur Marta Segú Montserrat Fitó Lourdes Ribas-Barba Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño Luis Peña-Quintana Paula Berruezo Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín Idoia Labayen Augusto G. Zapico Jesús Sánchez-Gómez Fabio Jiménez-Zazo Pedro E. Alcaraz Marta Sevilla-Sanchez Susana Pulgar Cristina Bouzas Lluis Serra-Majem Santiago F. Gómez |
| author_sort | Helmut Schröder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm) > 0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, revealed that the odds of being at increased cardiometabolic risk in 2019–2020 was 1.99 (95% CI 1.48–2.67) in participants with overweight in comparison with 1998–2000. The effect size was comparable among the three WHtR criteria for abdominal obesity or the BMI categories according to IOTF and WHO boundaries. Conclusions The prevalence of Spanish children with increased cardiometabolic risk, identified by abdominal obesity, significantly increased among those with overweight during the last two decades. This finding underlines the need of including the measurement of waist circumference as a standard procedure in pediatric practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-54a924ed247d470fa3e6843bf4e8ef1c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-54a924ed247d470fa3e6843bf4e8ef1c2025-08-20T02:13:39ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-11-012211810.1186/s12916-024-03719-yTwenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categoriesHelmut Schröder0Charlotte Juton1Michael I. Goran2Julia Wärnberg3Maddi Osés4Marcela Gonzalez-Gross5Narcis Gusi6Susana Aznar7Elena Marín-Cascales8Miguel González-Valeiro9Estefanía Herrera-Ramos10Nicolás Terrados11Josep A. Tur12Marta Segú13Montserrat Fitó14Lourdes Ribas-Barba15Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño16Luis Peña-Quintana17Paula Berruezo18Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín19Idoia Labayen20Augusto G. Zapico21Jesús Sánchez-Gómez22Fabio Jiménez-Zazo23Pedro E. Alcaraz24Marta Sevilla-Sanchez25Susana Pulgar26Cristina Bouzas27Lluis Serra-Majem28Santiago F. Gómez29CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIDepartment of Health Information, Nutrition and Health, SciensanoDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los AngelesEpiPhaan Research Group, Universidad de Málaga - Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA)Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, ELIKOS Group, Public University of NavarreCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIIPhysical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of ExtremaduraPAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo CampusUCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de MurciaFaculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da CoruñaResearch Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaRegional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of AvilésCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIIFC Barcelona FoundationCardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research InstituteCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIICentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIICentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIIGasol Foundation EuropeEpiPhaan Research Group, Universidad de Málaga - Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIIImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de MadridPhysical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of ExtremaduraPAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo CampusUCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de MurciaFaculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da CoruñaRegional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of AvilésCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIICentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos IIICIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIAbstract Background Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm) > 0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, revealed that the odds of being at increased cardiometabolic risk in 2019–2020 was 1.99 (95% CI 1.48–2.67) in participants with overweight in comparison with 1998–2000. The effect size was comparable among the three WHtR criteria for abdominal obesity or the BMI categories according to IOTF and WHO boundaries. Conclusions The prevalence of Spanish children with increased cardiometabolic risk, identified by abdominal obesity, significantly increased among those with overweight during the last two decades. This finding underlines the need of including the measurement of waist circumference as a standard procedure in pediatric practice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-yCardiometabolic riskAbdominal obesityChildrenAdolescentsSecular trends |
| spellingShingle | Helmut Schröder Charlotte Juton Michael I. Goran Julia Wärnberg Maddi Osés Marcela Gonzalez-Gross Narcis Gusi Susana Aznar Elena Marín-Cascales Miguel González-Valeiro Estefanía Herrera-Ramos Nicolás Terrados Josep A. Tur Marta Segú Montserrat Fitó Lourdes Ribas-Barba Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño Luis Peña-Quintana Paula Berruezo Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín Idoia Labayen Augusto G. Zapico Jesús Sánchez-Gómez Fabio Jiménez-Zazo Pedro E. Alcaraz Marta Sevilla-Sanchez Susana Pulgar Cristina Bouzas Lluis Serra-Majem Santiago F. Gómez Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories BMC Medicine Cardiometabolic risk Abdominal obesity Children Adolescents Secular trends |
| title | Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_full | Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_fullStr | Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_full_unstemmed | Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_short | Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_sort | twenty year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk measured by abdominal obesity among spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| topic | Cardiometabolic risk Abdominal obesity Children Adolescents Secular trends |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y |
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