Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings

IntroductionThe model of emotional intelligence as an ability has evolved since its introduction 35 years ago. The revised model includes that emotional intelligence (EI) is a broad intelligence within the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence, and that more areas of problem solving are i...

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Main Authors: John D. Mayer, David R. Caruso, Peter Salovey, Iris Y. Lin, Braden J. Hansma, Joanna Solomon, Gill Sitarenios, Manolo Romero Escobar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1539785/full
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author John D. Mayer
David R. Caruso
Peter Salovey
Iris Y. Lin
Braden J. Hansma
Joanna Solomon
Gill Sitarenios
Manolo Romero Escobar
author_facet John D. Mayer
David R. Caruso
Peter Salovey
Iris Y. Lin
Braden J. Hansma
Joanna Solomon
Gill Sitarenios
Manolo Romero Escobar
author_sort John D. Mayer
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe model of emotional intelligence as an ability has evolved since its introduction 35 years ago. The revised model includes that emotional intelligence (EI) is a broad intelligence within the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence, and that more areas of problem solving are involved than originally detailed. An argument is made here that veridical scoring of EI test responses is a sound procedure relative to scoring keys based on expert consensus or a single emotion theory. To the degree that EI fits present-day theories of intelligence (i.e., the CHC model), any subsidiary factors of EI reasoning should correlate highly with one another. These and other considerations led to a revision of the original Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) to the MSCEIT 2.MethodsThe MSCEIT 2 was developed and tested across 5 studies: Two preliminary studies concerned, first, the viability of new item sets (Study 1, N = 43) and, in Study 2 (N = 8), the development of a veridical scoring key for each test item with the assistance of Ph.D. area experts. Next, a pilot study (Study 3, N = 523) and a normative study (Study 4, N = 3,000) each focused on the test’s item performance and factor structure, including whether a four-domain model continued to fit the data in a manner consistent with a cohesive broad intelligence. Study 5 (N = 221) examined the relation between the original and revised tests.ResultsThe studies provide evidence for factor-supported subscale scores, and good reliability at the overall test level, with acceptable reliabilities for 3 of the 4 subscale scores, and adequate measurement precision across the range of most test-takers’ abilities.DiscussionOverall, the MSCEIT 2 used updated theory to guide its construction and development. Its test scores fit the CHC model, and correlate with the original MSCEIT. The revised test is 33% shorter than the original.
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spelling doaj-art-54a6b75948b14a7eb5bcc03148ffeb7c2025-08-20T03:18:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15397851539785Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findingsJohn D. Mayer0David R. Caruso1Peter Salovey2Iris Y. Lin3Braden J. Hansma4Joanna Solomon5Gill Sitarenios6Manolo Romero Escobar7Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United StatesOffice of the Dean of Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesResearch and Development, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, ON, CanadaResearch and Development, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, ON, CanadaResearch and Development, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, ON, CanadaResearch and Development, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, ON, CanadaResearch and Development, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, ON, CanadaIntroductionThe model of emotional intelligence as an ability has evolved since its introduction 35 years ago. The revised model includes that emotional intelligence (EI) is a broad intelligence within the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence, and that more areas of problem solving are involved than originally detailed. An argument is made here that veridical scoring of EI test responses is a sound procedure relative to scoring keys based on expert consensus or a single emotion theory. To the degree that EI fits present-day theories of intelligence (i.e., the CHC model), any subsidiary factors of EI reasoning should correlate highly with one another. These and other considerations led to a revision of the original Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) to the MSCEIT 2.MethodsThe MSCEIT 2 was developed and tested across 5 studies: Two preliminary studies concerned, first, the viability of new item sets (Study 1, N = 43) and, in Study 2 (N = 8), the development of a veridical scoring key for each test item with the assistance of Ph.D. area experts. Next, a pilot study (Study 3, N = 523) and a normative study (Study 4, N = 3,000) each focused on the test’s item performance and factor structure, including whether a four-domain model continued to fit the data in a manner consistent with a cohesive broad intelligence. Study 5 (N = 221) examined the relation between the original and revised tests.ResultsThe studies provide evidence for factor-supported subscale scores, and good reliability at the overall test level, with acceptable reliabilities for 3 of the 4 subscale scores, and adequate measurement precision across the range of most test-takers’ abilities.DiscussionOverall, the MSCEIT 2 used updated theory to guide its construction and development. Its test scores fit the CHC model, and correlate with the original MSCEIT. The revised test is 33% shorter than the original.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1539785/fullemotional intelligenceassessmentfour-domain modelCHC Modelfactor analysisveridical scoring
spellingShingle John D. Mayer
David R. Caruso
Peter Salovey
Iris Y. Lin
Braden J. Hansma
Joanna Solomon
Gill Sitarenios
Manolo Romero Escobar
Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings
Frontiers in Psychology
emotional intelligence
assessment
four-domain model
CHC Model
factor analysis
veridical scoring
title Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings
title_full Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings
title_fullStr Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings
title_full_unstemmed Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings
title_short Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT 2: theory, rationale, and initial findings
title_sort measuring emotional intelligence with the msceit 2 theory rationale and initial findings
topic emotional intelligence
assessment
four-domain model
CHC Model
factor analysis
veridical scoring
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1539785/full
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