Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings

Concentric multiple nanorings have previously been fabricated and investigated mainly for their different static magnetization states. Here, we present a theoretical analysis for the magnetization dynamics in double nanorings arranged concentrically, where there is coupling across a nonmagnetic spac...

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Main Authors: Bushra Hussain, Michael G. Cottam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/19/1594
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author Bushra Hussain
Michael G. Cottam
author_facet Bushra Hussain
Michael G. Cottam
author_sort Bushra Hussain
collection DOAJ
description Concentric multiple nanorings have previously been fabricated and investigated mainly for their different static magnetization states. Here, we present a theoretical analysis for the magnetization dynamics in double nanorings arranged concentrically, where there is coupling across a nonmagnetic spacer due to the long-range dipole–dipole interactions. We employ a microscopic, or Hamiltonian-based, formalism to study the discrete spin waves that exist in the magnetic states where the individual rings may be in either a vortex or an onion state. Numerical results are shown for the frequencies and the spatial amplitudes (with relative phase included) of the spin-wave modes. Cases are considered in which the magnetic materials of the rings are the same (taken to be permalloy) or two different materials such as permalloy and cobalt. The dependence of these properties on the mean radial position of the spacer were studied, showing, in most cases, the existence of two distinct transition fields. The special cases, where the radial spacer width becomes very small (less than 1 nm) were analyzed to study direct interfaces between dissimilar materials and/or effects of interfacial exchange interactions such as Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida coupling. These spin-wave properties may be of importance for magnetic switching devices and sensors.
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spelling doaj-art-549f2086955e43c1b14ded4e9afccfb92025-08-20T01:47:38ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-10-011419159410.3390/nano14191594Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double NanoringsBushra Hussain0Michael G. Cottam1Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48197, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaConcentric multiple nanorings have previously been fabricated and investigated mainly for their different static magnetization states. Here, we present a theoretical analysis for the magnetization dynamics in double nanorings arranged concentrically, where there is coupling across a nonmagnetic spacer due to the long-range dipole–dipole interactions. We employ a microscopic, or Hamiltonian-based, formalism to study the discrete spin waves that exist in the magnetic states where the individual rings may be in either a vortex or an onion state. Numerical results are shown for the frequencies and the spatial amplitudes (with relative phase included) of the spin-wave modes. Cases are considered in which the magnetic materials of the rings are the same (taken to be permalloy) or two different materials such as permalloy and cobalt. The dependence of these properties on the mean radial position of the spacer were studied, showing, in most cases, the existence of two distinct transition fields. The special cases, where the radial spacer width becomes very small (less than 1 nm) were analyzed to study direct interfaces between dissimilar materials and/or effects of interfacial exchange interactions such as Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida coupling. These spin-wave properties may be of importance for magnetic switching devices and sensors.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/19/1594spin wavesferromagnetic nanoringsconcentric double nanoringsdipole–dipole interactionsdipole-exchange modes
spellingShingle Bushra Hussain
Michael G. Cottam
Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings
Nanomaterials
spin waves
ferromagnetic nanorings
concentric double nanorings
dipole–dipole interactions
dipole-exchange modes
title Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings
title_full Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings
title_fullStr Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings
title_full_unstemmed Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings
title_short Magnetization States and Coupled Spin-Wave Modes in Concentric Double Nanorings
title_sort magnetization states and coupled spin wave modes in concentric double nanorings
topic spin waves
ferromagnetic nanorings
concentric double nanorings
dipole–dipole interactions
dipole-exchange modes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/19/1594
work_keys_str_mv AT bushrahussain magnetizationstatesandcoupledspinwavemodesinconcentricdoublenanorings
AT michaelgcottam magnetizationstatesandcoupledspinwavemodesinconcentricdoublenanorings