Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice

<b>Background:</b> Chronic ischemic stroke presents a significant challenge in neurology, with limited therapeutic options available for long-term recovery. During cerebral infarction, anti-inflammatory phenotype microglia/macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic...

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Main Authors: Bach Ngoc Nguyen, Tomoaki Kitamura, Shuhei Kobashi, Makoto Urushitani, Tomoya Terashima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1347
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author Bach Ngoc Nguyen
Tomoaki Kitamura
Shuhei Kobashi
Makoto Urushitani
Tomoya Terashima
author_facet Bach Ngoc Nguyen
Tomoaki Kitamura
Shuhei Kobashi
Makoto Urushitani
Tomoya Terashima
author_sort Bach Ngoc Nguyen
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Chronic ischemic stroke presents a significant challenge in neurology, with limited therapeutic options available for long-term recovery. During cerebral infarction, anti-inflammatory phenotype microglia/macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors that facilitate the process of brain repair. However, obtaining sufficient anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages from the human central nervous system is challenging. Bone marrow-derived inducible microglia-like cells (BM-iMGs) with an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype were explored to induce neuroprotective properties. Here, we transplanted BM-iMGs into the brain of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model male mice to explore their potential for treating chronic ischemic stroke. <b>Methods:</b> Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) were isolated from green fluorescent protein mice and incubated with granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 to induce BM-iMGs with an anti-inflammatory phenotype. BM-iMGs were transplanted into the brains of mice on day 14 after MCAO, and behavioral tests, histology, cerebral blood flow, and gene expression were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> An intracranial injection of BM-iMGs promoted neurobehavioral recovery, reduced neuronal cell loss, suppressed neuroinflammatory astrocytic and microglial responses in the brain, and increased cortical surface cerebral blood flow in MCAO mice. Furthermore, neuroprotective genes were upregulated, whereas proinflammatory genes were downregulated. <b>Conclusions:</b> The intracranial injection of BM-iMG cells shows significant potential as a novel therapy for chronic ischemic stroke.
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spelling doaj-art-54997289fd2949dc89cbdd00731ddb9e2025-08-20T03:26:53ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-05-01136134710.3390/biomedicines13061347Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in MiceBach Ngoc Nguyen0Tomoaki Kitamura1Shuhei Kobashi2Makoto Urushitani3Tomoya Terashima4Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520–2192, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520–2192, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520–2192, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520–2192, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520–2192, Japan<b>Background:</b> Chronic ischemic stroke presents a significant challenge in neurology, with limited therapeutic options available for long-term recovery. During cerebral infarction, anti-inflammatory phenotype microglia/macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors that facilitate the process of brain repair. However, obtaining sufficient anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages from the human central nervous system is challenging. Bone marrow-derived inducible microglia-like cells (BM-iMGs) with an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype were explored to induce neuroprotective properties. Here, we transplanted BM-iMGs into the brain of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model male mice to explore their potential for treating chronic ischemic stroke. <b>Methods:</b> Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) were isolated from green fluorescent protein mice and incubated with granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 to induce BM-iMGs with an anti-inflammatory phenotype. BM-iMGs were transplanted into the brains of mice on day 14 after MCAO, and behavioral tests, histology, cerebral blood flow, and gene expression were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> An intracranial injection of BM-iMGs promoted neurobehavioral recovery, reduced neuronal cell loss, suppressed neuroinflammatory astrocytic and microglial responses in the brain, and increased cortical surface cerebral blood flow in MCAO mice. Furthermore, neuroprotective genes were upregulated, whereas proinflammatory genes were downregulated. <b>Conclusions:</b> The intracranial injection of BM-iMG cells shows significant potential as a novel therapy for chronic ischemic stroke.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1347BM-iMG cellscell therapycerebral blood flowchronic ischemic strokemicroglianeuroinflammation
spellingShingle Bach Ngoc Nguyen
Tomoaki Kitamura
Shuhei Kobashi
Makoto Urushitani
Tomoya Terashima
Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice
Biomedicines
BM-iMG cells
cell therapy
cerebral blood flow
chronic ischemic stroke
microglia
neuroinflammation
title Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice
title_full Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice
title_fullStr Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice
title_short Bone Marrow-Derived Inducible Microglia-like Cells Promote Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Neuroinflammation in Mice
title_sort bone marrow derived inducible microglia like cells promote recovery of chronic ischemic stroke through modulating neuroinflammation in mice
topic BM-iMG cells
cell therapy
cerebral blood flow
chronic ischemic stroke
microglia
neuroinflammation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1347
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