Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study

Abstract Introduction Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic disorder, the development and progression caused by genetic, physiological, metabolic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors (especially physical activity and diet). Therefore, considering the high prevalence of obesity and its complicatio...

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Main Authors: Bahar Ziba, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Bahman Cheraghian, Mojdeh Fathi, Anahita Mansoori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Endocrine Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01825-9
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author Bahar Ziba
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
Bahman Cheraghian
Mojdeh Fathi
Anahita Mansoori
author_facet Bahar Ziba
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
Bahman Cheraghian
Mojdeh Fathi
Anahita Mansoori
author_sort Bahar Ziba
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic disorder, the development and progression caused by genetic, physiological, metabolic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors (especially physical activity and diet). Therefore, considering the high prevalence of obesity and its complications, and considering that dietary patterns are different in different populations and geographical locations, the present study aims to identify and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity diseases in the adult population of the Hovizeh city. Method 5821 participants (2076 obese group and 3745 not obese group) from Hoveyzeh cohort study for this case-control study were chosen. Data related to dietary, demographic, anthropometric, and physical activity information were obtained through a questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. The logistic regression method with adjustment for demographic factors, energy intake, physical activity, and blood pressure and diabetic medication was used to determine the relationship between significant food patterns and obesity. Results In this study, four major food patterns were identified: 1) Healthy dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of vegetables and high-protein foods,2) Traditional Defined by high consumption of green vegetables, onions, garlic, fruits, refined grains, white meat, liquid oils, and tomatoes, 3) Sweets and snacks, 4) Good oils. Although there was a significant association between sweets and snacks pattern and obesity risk in the crude model (P < 0.05), this association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Good oils pattern showed a significant relationship with obesity in the crud and first adjusted model (P < 0.05), but this association was also not significant after adjusting for blood pressure and diabetes medication use. None of these dietary patterns were significantly associated with obesity or other anthropometric indicators after full adjustments for confounders. Conclusion Identifying dietary patterns that influence obesity within a population helps inform strategies for obesity prevention and management. However, in this study, no significant association was found between the identified dietary patterns and obesity. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-5490bcabc1bf4612847f767758416fbf2025-08-20T03:06:50ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-04-0125111010.1186/s12902-024-01825-9Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort studyBahar Ziba0Seyed Ahmad Hosseini1Bahman Cheraghian2Mojdeh Fathi3Anahita Mansoori4School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Alimentary Track Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAbstract Introduction Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic disorder, the development and progression caused by genetic, physiological, metabolic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors (especially physical activity and diet). Therefore, considering the high prevalence of obesity and its complications, and considering that dietary patterns are different in different populations and geographical locations, the present study aims to identify and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity diseases in the adult population of the Hovizeh city. Method 5821 participants (2076 obese group and 3745 not obese group) from Hoveyzeh cohort study for this case-control study were chosen. Data related to dietary, demographic, anthropometric, and physical activity information were obtained through a questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. The logistic regression method with adjustment for demographic factors, energy intake, physical activity, and blood pressure and diabetic medication was used to determine the relationship between significant food patterns and obesity. Results In this study, four major food patterns were identified: 1) Healthy dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of vegetables and high-protein foods,2) Traditional Defined by high consumption of green vegetables, onions, garlic, fruits, refined grains, white meat, liquid oils, and tomatoes, 3) Sweets and snacks, 4) Good oils. Although there was a significant association between sweets and snacks pattern and obesity risk in the crude model (P < 0.05), this association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Good oils pattern showed a significant relationship with obesity in the crud and first adjusted model (P < 0.05), but this association was also not significant after adjusting for blood pressure and diabetes medication use. None of these dietary patterns were significantly associated with obesity or other anthropometric indicators after full adjustments for confounders. Conclusion Identifying dietary patterns that influence obesity within a population helps inform strategies for obesity prevention and management. However, in this study, no significant association was found between the identified dietary patterns and obesity. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01825-9ObesityFood patternFactor analysis
spellingShingle Bahar Ziba
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
Bahman Cheraghian
Mojdeh Fathi
Anahita Mansoori
Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
BMC Endocrine Disorders
Obesity
Food pattern
Factor analysis
title Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
title_full Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
title_fullStr Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
title_short Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
title_sort association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the south west of iran findings from hoveyzeh cohort study
topic Obesity
Food pattern
Factor analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01825-9
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