Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects

The Urban Heat Island’s (UHI) effect intensifies thermal discomfort for urban communities, increasing energy requirements. This study assesses the incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into building envelopes to reduce Urban Heat Island (UHI) impacts in the Trichy urban area, characterised...

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Main Authors: Gunarani Gunaseelan Indrani, Rathinakumar Vedachalam, Selvakumar Radhakrishnan, Anirudh Raajan Varatharaajan, Ajay Bala Vikas Chelladurai, Aravind Chandramouli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Earth
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/6/2/20
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author Gunarani Gunaseelan Indrani
Rathinakumar Vedachalam
Selvakumar Radhakrishnan
Anirudh Raajan Varatharaajan
Ajay Bala Vikas Chelladurai
Aravind Chandramouli
author_facet Gunarani Gunaseelan Indrani
Rathinakumar Vedachalam
Selvakumar Radhakrishnan
Anirudh Raajan Varatharaajan
Ajay Bala Vikas Chelladurai
Aravind Chandramouli
author_sort Gunarani Gunaseelan Indrani
collection DOAJ
description The Urban Heat Island’s (UHI) effect intensifies thermal discomfort for urban communities, increasing energy requirements. This study assesses the incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into building envelopes to reduce Urban Heat Island (UHI) impacts in the Trichy urban area, characterised by a dry-summer tropical savanna environment. To evaluate energy efficiency and indoor temperature regulation, simulations were conducted using Design Builder and Climate 6.0 software. The results show that overall room electricity consumption decreased from 480 kWh to 380 kWh, demonstrating the energy-saving benefits of the modifications. Overall energy consumption was reduced to 271.9 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year from 312.23 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year in the base case, a 13% decrease, equating to 40.33 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year in energy savings. The payback period for PCM installation was predicted to be around 30.64 years. These results show that PCM-enhanced building envelopes reduce UHI effects and improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency, making them a feasible, sustainable urban development strategy.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2673-4834
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Earth
spelling doaj-art-5490643d657843f7b8470c5f0ecdf31d2025-08-20T03:27:21ZengMDPI AGEarth2673-48342025-03-01622010.3390/earth6020020Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island EffectsGunarani Gunaseelan Indrani0Rathinakumar Vedachalam1Selvakumar Radhakrishnan2Anirudh Raajan Varatharaajan3Ajay Bala Vikas Chelladurai4Aravind Chandramouli5School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe Urban Heat Island’s (UHI) effect intensifies thermal discomfort for urban communities, increasing energy requirements. This study assesses the incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into building envelopes to reduce Urban Heat Island (UHI) impacts in the Trichy urban area, characterised by a dry-summer tropical savanna environment. To evaluate energy efficiency and indoor temperature regulation, simulations were conducted using Design Builder and Climate 6.0 software. The results show that overall room electricity consumption decreased from 480 kWh to 380 kWh, demonstrating the energy-saving benefits of the modifications. Overall energy consumption was reduced to 271.9 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year from 312.23 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year in the base case, a 13% decrease, equating to 40.33 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year in energy savings. The payback period for PCM installation was predicted to be around 30.64 years. These results show that PCM-enhanced building envelopes reduce UHI effects and improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency, making them a feasible, sustainable urban development strategy.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/6/2/20urban heat islandvertical envelopephase change materialtriple-glazed windows
spellingShingle Gunarani Gunaseelan Indrani
Rathinakumar Vedachalam
Selvakumar Radhakrishnan
Anirudh Raajan Varatharaajan
Ajay Bala Vikas Chelladurai
Aravind Chandramouli
Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects
Earth
urban heat island
vertical envelope
phase change material
triple-glazed windows
title Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects
title_full Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects
title_fullStr Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects
title_short Assessing the Effectiveness of Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings for Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects
title_sort assessing the effectiveness of phase change materials in residential buildings for reducing urban heat island effects
topic urban heat island
vertical envelope
phase change material
triple-glazed windows
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/6/2/20
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AT selvakumarradhakrishnan assessingtheeffectivenessofphasechangematerialsinresidentialbuildingsforreducingurbanheatislandeffects
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