Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings
Early detection of Inter-Turn Fault (ITF) in power transformers is crucial for preventing extensive damage to the windings. However the existing methods based on calculation of fault factors, machine learning methods, and statistical indices require additional terminals or internal tap points, exten...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671125000890 |
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| author | K. Lakshmi Prasanna Manoj Samal Mithun Mondal |
| author_facet | K. Lakshmi Prasanna Manoj Samal Mithun Mondal |
| author_sort | K. Lakshmi Prasanna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early detection of Inter-Turn Fault (ITF) in power transformers is crucial for preventing extensive damage to the windings. However the existing methods based on calculation of fault factors, machine learning methods, and statistical indices require additional terminals or internal tap points, extensive training data and high computational demands, and limited applicability due to non-standardization and specific frequency band selection. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel, non-invasive method for identifying the location and severity of ITFs using only external terminal measurements. Our approach leverages a non-iterative subspace identification algorithm to estimate the pole-zero-gain model from the measured Driving Point Impedance (DPI) frequency response, Zf(s), of a faulty transformer. By solving a matrix equation involving gain, K, series capacitance (Cs), and ground capacitance (Cg), we determine the faulty capacitance, Cf for each winding section. The fault location is then identified by correlating the measured and estimated DPIs, with the section exhibiting the maximum correlation being deemed the faulty disc and its corresponding Cf is the faulty capacitance. This approach accurately identifies the faulty disc and determines the extent of insulation damage caused by the ITF, as validated through simulation and experimental results on various winding types. It paves the way for a more efficient and reliable diagnostic solution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-548df5c2c4164a79af708435e3041f9e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2772-6711 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy |
| spelling | doaj-art-548df5c2c4164a79af708435e3041f9e2025-08-20T02:06:06ZengElseviere-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy2772-67112025-06-011210098210.1016/j.prime.2025.100982Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windingsK. Lakshmi Prasanna0Manoj Samal1Mithun Mondal2Working Integrated Learning Programmes, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaElectrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaElectrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Correspondence to: Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana.Early detection of Inter-Turn Fault (ITF) in power transformers is crucial for preventing extensive damage to the windings. However the existing methods based on calculation of fault factors, machine learning methods, and statistical indices require additional terminals or internal tap points, extensive training data and high computational demands, and limited applicability due to non-standardization and specific frequency band selection. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel, non-invasive method for identifying the location and severity of ITFs using only external terminal measurements. Our approach leverages a non-iterative subspace identification algorithm to estimate the pole-zero-gain model from the measured Driving Point Impedance (DPI) frequency response, Zf(s), of a faulty transformer. By solving a matrix equation involving gain, K, series capacitance (Cs), and ground capacitance (Cg), we determine the faulty capacitance, Cf for each winding section. The fault location is then identified by correlating the measured and estimated DPIs, with the section exhibiting the maximum correlation being deemed the faulty disc and its corresponding Cf is the faulty capacitance. This approach accurately identifies the faulty disc and determines the extent of insulation damage caused by the ITF, as validated through simulation and experimental results on various winding types. It paves the way for a more efficient and reliable diagnostic solution.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671125000890CapacitancesFrequency response analysisFault localizationInter-turn faultPower transformerWindings |
| spellingShingle | K. Lakshmi Prasanna Manoj Samal Mithun Mondal Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy Capacitances Frequency response analysis Fault localization Inter-turn fault Power transformer Windings |
| title | Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings |
| title_full | Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings |
| title_fullStr | Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings |
| title_short | Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings |
| title_sort | terminal based method for efficient inter turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings |
| topic | Capacitances Frequency response analysis Fault localization Inter-turn fault Power transformer Windings |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671125000890 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klakshmiprasanna terminalbasedmethodforefficientinterturnfaultlocalizationandseverityassessmentintransformerwindings AT manojsamal terminalbasedmethodforefficientinterturnfaultlocalizationandseverityassessmentintransformerwindings AT mithunmondal terminalbasedmethodforefficientinterturnfaultlocalizationandseverityassessmentintransformerwindings |