The absolutist origin of capitalism

This paper contributes to the literature on the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe, with a specific focus on the process of primitive accumulation during France’s absolutism, from the 14th to the 17th century. Drawing on Regulation Theory and Marxism and supported by archival...

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Main Author: Nicolas Pinsard
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Association Recherche & Régulation 2024-11-01
Series:Revue de la Régulation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.openedition.org/regulation/23725
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author Nicolas Pinsard
author_facet Nicolas Pinsard
author_sort Nicolas Pinsard
collection DOAJ
description This paper contributes to the literature on the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe, with a specific focus on the process of primitive accumulation during France’s absolutism, from the 14th to the 17th century. Drawing on Regulation Theory and Marxism and supported by archival research, the article aims to demonstrate that France and England followed different paths in their journey toward capitalism. Due to the premodern structure of the state and the process of political accumulation, a small fraction of the state bourgeoisie amassed wealth, facilitated by war and by levying taxes. Officeholders could thus extract surplus labour, primarily from the peasantry. The transition to an economy where markets became a compulsory stage for tax payment and the resurgence of the state established a regime of rent-exploitation and relationships of indirect, collective exploitation. In France, the state and public finances played a pivotal role in separating the peasantry from its land and means of production. This paper offers new insights into the role of absolutism in Marxist historiography. It argues that absolutism constitutes a distinct social formation from feudalism, paving the way for the transition to capitalism by proletarianizing a part of the French peasantry.
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spelling doaj-art-548087ae45974f50982a56cd57469f332025-01-30T14:27:08ZengAssociation Recherche & RégulationRevue de la Régulation1957-77962024-11-013610.4000/11w7hThe absolutist origin of capitalismNicolas PinsardThis paper contributes to the literature on the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe, with a specific focus on the process of primitive accumulation during France’s absolutism, from the 14th to the 17th century. Drawing on Regulation Theory and Marxism and supported by archival research, the article aims to demonstrate that France and England followed different paths in their journey toward capitalism. Due to the premodern structure of the state and the process of political accumulation, a small fraction of the state bourgeoisie amassed wealth, facilitated by war and by levying taxes. Officeholders could thus extract surplus labour, primarily from the peasantry. The transition to an economy where markets became a compulsory stage for tax payment and the resurgence of the state established a regime of rent-exploitation and relationships of indirect, collective exploitation. In France, the state and public finances played a pivotal role in separating the peasantry from its land and means of production. This paper offers new insights into the role of absolutism in Marxist historiography. It argues that absolutism constitutes a distinct social formation from feudalism, paving the way for the transition to capitalism by proletarianizing a part of the French peasantry.https://journals.openedition.org/regulation/23725Regulation TheoryFrancerentstateprimitive accumulationabsolutism
spellingShingle Nicolas Pinsard
The absolutist origin of capitalism
Revue de la Régulation
Regulation Theory
France
rent
state
primitive accumulation
absolutism
title The absolutist origin of capitalism
title_full The absolutist origin of capitalism
title_fullStr The absolutist origin of capitalism
title_full_unstemmed The absolutist origin of capitalism
title_short The absolutist origin of capitalism
title_sort absolutist origin of capitalism
topic Regulation Theory
France
rent
state
primitive accumulation
absolutism
url https://journals.openedition.org/regulation/23725
work_keys_str_mv AT nicolaspinsard theabsolutistoriginofcapitalism
AT nicolaspinsard absolutistoriginofcapitalism