Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India.
<h4>Background</h4>Undernutrition during intrauterine life and early childhood is hypothesised to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis), but experimental evidence from humans is limited. This hypothesis has major implications...
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2020-07-01
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| author | Sanjay Kinra John Gregson Poornima Prabhakaran Vipin Gupta Gagandeep Kaur Walia Santhi Bhogadi Ruby Gupta Aastha Aggarwal Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson Bharati Kulkarni Dorairaj Prabhakaran George Davey Smith K V Radha Krishna Shah Ebrahim Hannah Kuper Yoav Ben-Shlomo |
| author_facet | Sanjay Kinra John Gregson Poornima Prabhakaran Vipin Gupta Gagandeep Kaur Walia Santhi Bhogadi Ruby Gupta Aastha Aggarwal Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson Bharati Kulkarni Dorairaj Prabhakaran George Davey Smith K V Radha Krishna Shah Ebrahim Hannah Kuper Yoav Ben-Shlomo |
| author_sort | Sanjay Kinra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Undernutrition during intrauterine life and early childhood is hypothesised to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis), but experimental evidence from humans is limited. This hypothesis has major implications for control of the cardiovascular disease epidemic in South Asia (home to a quarter of world's population), where a quarter of newborns have low birth weight. We investigated whether, in an area with prevalent undernutrition, supplemental nutrition offered to pregnant women and their offspring below the age of 6 years was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring when they were young adults.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The Hyderabad Nutrition Trial was a community-based nonrandomised controlled intervention trial conducted in 29 villages near Hyderabad, India (1987-1990). Protein-calorie food supplement was offered daily to pregnant and lactating women (2.09 MJ energy and 20-25 g protein) and their offspring (1.25 MJ energy and 8-10 g protein) until the age of six years in the 15 intervention villages, but not in the 14 control villages. A total of 1,826 participants (949 from the intervention villages and 877 from the control villages, representing 70% of the cohort) at a mean age of 21.6 years (62% males) were examined between 2009 and 2012. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 20 kg/m2 and the mean systolic blood pressure was 115 mm Hg. The age, sex, socioeconomic position, and urbanisation-adjusted effects of intervention (beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals) on outcomes were as follows: carotid intima-media thickness, 0.01 mm (-0.01 to 0.03), p = 0.36; arterial stiffness (augmentation index), -1.1% (-2.5 to 0.3), p = 0.097; systolic blood pressure, 0.5 mm Hg (-0.6 to 1.6), p = 0.36; BMI, -0.13 kg/m2 (-0.75 to 0.09), p = 0.093; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, 0.06 mmol/L (-0.07 to 0.2), p = 0.37; and fasting insulin (log), -0.06 mU/L (-0.19 to 0.07), p = 0.43. The limitations of this study include nonrandomised allocation of intervention and lack of data on compliance, and potential for selection bias due to incomplete follow-up.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results showed that in an area with prevalent undernutrition, protein-calorie food supplements offered to pregnant women and their offspring below the age of 6 years were not associated with lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors among offspring when they were young adults. Our findings, coupled with evidence from other intervention studies to date, suggest that policy makers should attach limited value to cardiovascular health benefits of maternal and child protein-calorie food supplementation programmes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-547479fcbae8432ebf680b51292fb2a5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1549-1277 1549-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-547479fcbae8432ebf680b51292fb2a52025-08-20T02:33:18ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762020-07-01177e100318310.1371/journal.pmed.1003183Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India.Sanjay KinraJohn GregsonPoornima PrabhakaranVipin GuptaGagandeep Kaur WaliaSanthi BhogadiRuby GuptaAastha AggarwalPoppy Alice Carson MallinsonBharati KulkarniDorairaj PrabhakaranGeorge Davey SmithK V Radha KrishnaShah EbrahimHannah KuperYoav Ben-Shlomo<h4>Background</h4>Undernutrition during intrauterine life and early childhood is hypothesised to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis), but experimental evidence from humans is limited. This hypothesis has major implications for control of the cardiovascular disease epidemic in South Asia (home to a quarter of world's population), where a quarter of newborns have low birth weight. We investigated whether, in an area with prevalent undernutrition, supplemental nutrition offered to pregnant women and their offspring below the age of 6 years was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring when they were young adults.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The Hyderabad Nutrition Trial was a community-based nonrandomised controlled intervention trial conducted in 29 villages near Hyderabad, India (1987-1990). Protein-calorie food supplement was offered daily to pregnant and lactating women (2.09 MJ energy and 20-25 g protein) and their offspring (1.25 MJ energy and 8-10 g protein) until the age of six years in the 15 intervention villages, but not in the 14 control villages. A total of 1,826 participants (949 from the intervention villages and 877 from the control villages, representing 70% of the cohort) at a mean age of 21.6 years (62% males) were examined between 2009 and 2012. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 20 kg/m2 and the mean systolic blood pressure was 115 mm Hg. The age, sex, socioeconomic position, and urbanisation-adjusted effects of intervention (beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals) on outcomes were as follows: carotid intima-media thickness, 0.01 mm (-0.01 to 0.03), p = 0.36; arterial stiffness (augmentation index), -1.1% (-2.5 to 0.3), p = 0.097; systolic blood pressure, 0.5 mm Hg (-0.6 to 1.6), p = 0.36; BMI, -0.13 kg/m2 (-0.75 to 0.09), p = 0.093; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, 0.06 mmol/L (-0.07 to 0.2), p = 0.37; and fasting insulin (log), -0.06 mU/L (-0.19 to 0.07), p = 0.43. The limitations of this study include nonrandomised allocation of intervention and lack of data on compliance, and potential for selection bias due to incomplete follow-up.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results showed that in an area with prevalent undernutrition, protein-calorie food supplements offered to pregnant women and their offspring below the age of 6 years were not associated with lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors among offspring when they were young adults. Our findings, coupled with evidence from other intervention studies to date, suggest that policy makers should attach limited value to cardiovascular health benefits of maternal and child protein-calorie food supplementation programmes.https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003183&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Sanjay Kinra John Gregson Poornima Prabhakaran Vipin Gupta Gagandeep Kaur Walia Santhi Bhogadi Ruby Gupta Aastha Aggarwal Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson Bharati Kulkarni Dorairaj Prabhakaran George Davey Smith K V Radha Krishna Shah Ebrahim Hannah Kuper Yoav Ben-Shlomo Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India. PLoS Medicine |
| title | Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India. |
| title_full | Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India. |
| title_fullStr | Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India. |
| title_short | Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India. |
| title_sort | effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring s risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood long term follow up of a cluster trial from india |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003183&type=printable |
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