Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing

Water monitoring, environmental analysis, cell culture stability, and biomedical applications require precise pH control. Traditional methods, such as pH strips and meters, have limitations: pH strips lack precision, whereas electrochemical meters, although more accurate, are fragile, prone to drift...

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Main Authors: Anton V. Saetchnikov, Elina A. Tcherniavskaia, Vladimir A. Saetchnikov, Andreas Ostendorf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Light Publishing Group 2025-01-01
Series:Light: Advanced Manufacturing
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Online Access:https://www.light-am.com/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2024.054
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author Anton V. Saetchnikov
Elina A. Tcherniavskaia
Vladimir A. Saetchnikov
Andreas Ostendorf
author_facet Anton V. Saetchnikov
Elina A. Tcherniavskaia
Vladimir A. Saetchnikov
Andreas Ostendorf
author_sort Anton V. Saetchnikov
collection DOAJ
description Water monitoring, environmental analysis, cell culture stability, and biomedical applications require precise pH control. Traditional methods, such as pH strips and meters, have limitations: pH strips lack precision, whereas electrochemical meters, although more accurate, are fragile, prone to drift, and unsuitable for small volumes. In this paper, we propose a method for the optical detection of pH based on a multiplexed sensor with 4D microcavities fabricated via two-photon polymerization. This approach employs pH-triggered reversible variations in microresonator geometry and integrates hundreds of dual optically coupled 4D microcavities to achieve the detection limit of 0.003 pH units. The proposed solution is a clear example of the use-case-oriented application of two-photon polymerized structures of high optical quality. Owing to the benefits of the multiplexed imaging platform, the dual 4D microresonators can be integrated with other microresonator types for pH-corrected biochemical studies.
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issn 2689-9620
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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series Light: Advanced Manufacturing
spelling doaj-art-546a4205efd845a5aafcffc516fd5d2c2025-08-20T03:23:34ZengLight Publishing GroupLight: Advanced Manufacturing2689-96202025-01-015462463610.37188/lam.2024.054Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensingAnton V. Saetchnikov0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-1250Elina A. Tcherniavskaia1Vladimir A. Saetchnikov2Andreas Ostendorf3Chair of Applied Laser Technologies, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyPhysics Department, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, BelarusRadio Physics Department, Belarusian State University, 220064 Minsk, BelarusChair of Applied Laser Technologies, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyWater monitoring, environmental analysis, cell culture stability, and biomedical applications require precise pH control. Traditional methods, such as pH strips and meters, have limitations: pH strips lack precision, whereas electrochemical meters, although more accurate, are fragile, prone to drift, and unsuitable for small volumes. In this paper, we propose a method for the optical detection of pH based on a multiplexed sensor with 4D microcavities fabricated via two-photon polymerization. This approach employs pH-triggered reversible variations in microresonator geometry and integrates hundreds of dual optically coupled 4D microcavities to achieve the detection limit of 0.003 pH units. The proposed solution is a clear example of the use-case-oriented application of two-photon polymerized structures of high optical quality. Owing to the benefits of the multiplexed imaging platform, the dual 4D microresonators can be integrated with other microresonator types for pH-corrected biochemical studies.https://www.light-am.com/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2024.054optical microresonatortwo-photon polymerizationsensingphwhispering gallery modes4d printing
spellingShingle Anton V. Saetchnikov
Elina A. Tcherniavskaia
Vladimir A. Saetchnikov
Andreas Ostendorf
Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing
Light: Advanced Manufacturing
optical microresonator
two-photon polymerization
sensing
ph
whispering gallery modes
4d printing
title Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing
title_full Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing
title_fullStr Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing
title_full_unstemmed Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing
title_short Two-photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise pH sensing
title_sort two photon polymerization of optical microresonators for precise ph sensing
topic optical microresonator
two-photon polymerization
sensing
ph
whispering gallery modes
4d printing
url https://www.light-am.com/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2024.054
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AT andreasostendorf twophotonpolymerizationofopticalmicroresonatorsforprecisephsensing