Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose

Backgound/Aim. Flumazenil is benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. It has been studied for a various indications, including reversal of sedation after surgery or diagnostic procedures, awakening of comatose patients in benzodiazepine overdose, or for symptomatic treatment of hepatic enceph...

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Main Authors: Đorđević Snežana, Jović-Stošić Jasmina, Kilibarda Vesna, Šegrt Zoran, Perković-Vukčević Nataša
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Serbia, University of Defence, Belgrade 2016-01-01
Series:Vojnosanitetski Pregled
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Online Access:http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2016/0042-84501500019D.pdf
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author Đorđević Snežana
Jović-Stošić Jasmina
Kilibarda Vesna
Šegrt Zoran
Perković-Vukčević Nataša
author_facet Đorđević Snežana
Jović-Stošić Jasmina
Kilibarda Vesna
Šegrt Zoran
Perković-Vukčević Nataša
author_sort Đorđević Snežana
collection DOAJ
description Backgound/Aim. Flumazenil is benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. It has been studied for a various indications, including reversal of sedation after surgery or diagnostic procedures, awakening of comatose patients in benzodiazepine overdose, or for symptomatic treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Some drugs, like theophylline, may prolong its elimination half-life. Considering the long half-life of diazepam and its metabolites, concomitant use of theophylline may reduce the need for repeated dosing of flumazenil in patients with acute diazepam poisoning. The aim of this study was to introduce a reliable and accurate method for determining the concentration of flumazenil after therapeutic application in patients with acute poisoning, and using that method to assess whether the kinetics of flumazenil change in the presence of aminophylline (combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2 : 1 ratio) applied as concomitant therapy. Methods. Blood samples from patients with acute diazepam poisoning that received flumazenil at the dose of 0.5 mg, or the same dose with 3 mg/kg of body weight of aminophylline, were collected 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after its intravenous administration. Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges with ethylacetate as extracting agens. Flumazenil was determined by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in single ion monitoring mode at m/z 304. Separation of flumazenil from matrix compound was performed on Lichrospher RP-8 column using the mixture of acidic acetonitrile and 20 mM of ammonium acetate in water (55 : 45) as a mobile phase. Results. The applied analitycal method showed excellent recovery (94.65%). The obtained extracts were much cleaner than the extracts obtained by the same extractant in the process of liquid-liquid extraction. The limit of detection of the LC-MS method described in this paper was 0.5 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 1 ng/mL. In the patients treated with both flumazenil and aminophylline, the elimination constant for flumazenil was significantly lower and the elimination half-life was longer (p < 0.05) in comparison with the same parameters in the patients who received flumazenil alone. Conclusion. The applied LC-MS method for the determination of flumazenil in serum samples of patients with acute diazepam poisoning is rapid, sensitive, precise and specific. Concomitant use with theophylline significantly prolonged elimination of flumazenil during the treatment of acute poisonings with diazepam.
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spelling doaj-art-5469f064c26c429dbc4ec9f6be5e6c7b2025-08-20T03:20:14ZengMinistry of Defence of the Republic of Serbia, University of Defence, BelgradeVojnosanitetski Pregled0042-84502406-07202016-01-0173214615110.2298/VSP141222019D0042-84501500019DDetermination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdoseĐorđević Snežana0Jović-Stošić Jasmina1Kilibarda Vesna2Šegrt Zoran3Perković-Vukčević Nataša4Military Medical Academy, National Poison Control Center, Belgrade + University of Defense, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, BelgradeMilitary Medical Academy, National Poison Control Center, Belgrade + University of Defense, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, BelgradeMilitary Medical Academy, National Poison Control Center, Belgrade + University of Defense, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, BelgradeMilitary Medical Academy, National Poison Control Center, Belgrade + University of Defense, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, BelgradeMilitary Medical Academy, National Poison Control Center, Belgrade + University of Defense, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, BelgradeBackgound/Aim. Flumazenil is benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. It has been studied for a various indications, including reversal of sedation after surgery or diagnostic procedures, awakening of comatose patients in benzodiazepine overdose, or for symptomatic treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Some drugs, like theophylline, may prolong its elimination half-life. Considering the long half-life of diazepam and its metabolites, concomitant use of theophylline may reduce the need for repeated dosing of flumazenil in patients with acute diazepam poisoning. The aim of this study was to introduce a reliable and accurate method for determining the concentration of flumazenil after therapeutic application in patients with acute poisoning, and using that method to assess whether the kinetics of flumazenil change in the presence of aminophylline (combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2 : 1 ratio) applied as concomitant therapy. Methods. Blood samples from patients with acute diazepam poisoning that received flumazenil at the dose of 0.5 mg, or the same dose with 3 mg/kg of body weight of aminophylline, were collected 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after its intravenous administration. Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges with ethylacetate as extracting agens. Flumazenil was determined by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in single ion monitoring mode at m/z 304. Separation of flumazenil from matrix compound was performed on Lichrospher RP-8 column using the mixture of acidic acetonitrile and 20 mM of ammonium acetate in water (55 : 45) as a mobile phase. Results. The applied analitycal method showed excellent recovery (94.65%). The obtained extracts were much cleaner than the extracts obtained by the same extractant in the process of liquid-liquid extraction. The limit of detection of the LC-MS method described in this paper was 0.5 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 1 ng/mL. In the patients treated with both flumazenil and aminophylline, the elimination constant for flumazenil was significantly lower and the elimination half-life was longer (p < 0.05) in comparison with the same parameters in the patients who received flumazenil alone. Conclusion. The applied LC-MS method for the determination of flumazenil in serum samples of patients with acute diazepam poisoning is rapid, sensitive, precise and specific. Concomitant use with theophylline significantly prolonged elimination of flumazenil during the treatment of acute poisonings with diazepam.http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2016/0042-84501500019D.pdfdiazepampoisoningflumazenilaminophyllinechromatography, liquidmass spectrometry
spellingShingle Đorđević Snežana
Jović-Stošić Jasmina
Kilibarda Vesna
Šegrt Zoran
Perković-Vukčević Nataša
Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
Vojnosanitetski Pregled
diazepam
poisoning
flumazenil
aminophylline
chromatography, liquid
mass spectrometry
title Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
title_full Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
title_fullStr Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
title_full_unstemmed Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
title_short Determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
title_sort determination of flumazenil in serum by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry application to kinetics study in acute diazepam overdose
topic diazepam
poisoning
flumazenil
aminophylline
chromatography, liquid
mass spectrometry
url http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2016/0042-84501500019D.pdf
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