Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms

In the everyday context, the term “hate speech” has become increasingly politicized and emotionally charged, yet these vernacular constructions of hate speech remain under-explored. Used as both a rhetorical weapon and an object of genuine concern, various understandings of hate speech circulate wit...

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Main Authors: Kaarina Nikunen, Paula Haara, Heidi Kosonen, Aleksi Knuutila, Reeta Pöyhtäri, Tuija Saresma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:Social Media + Society
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251341794
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author Kaarina Nikunen
Paula Haara
Heidi Kosonen
Aleksi Knuutila
Reeta Pöyhtäri
Tuija Saresma
author_facet Kaarina Nikunen
Paula Haara
Heidi Kosonen
Aleksi Knuutila
Reeta Pöyhtäri
Tuija Saresma
author_sort Kaarina Nikunen
collection DOAJ
description In the everyday context, the term “hate speech” has become increasingly politicized and emotionally charged, yet these vernacular constructions of hate speech remain under-explored. Used as both a rhetorical weapon and an object of genuine concern, various understandings of hate speech circulate within interactive everyday cultures of digital media, shaped by the digitalised media environment. With the combination of computational and qualititative research methods, this article explores the struggle over meanings of hate speech. From a large dataset of 289,933 messages, we identified the 10 most relevant themes. We further used articulation theory to analyze different political and social articulations of hate speech. We situate these articulations to the context of post-truth condition, characterized with crisis of trust and truth-telling. Our study identified articulations of confusion, uncertainty, ridicule, trivialization, and censorship in the context of hate speech. The results show that the struggle over the power to define hate speech simultaneously involves a struggle to overturn the definitional power of research institutions and official and knowledge authorities. Overall, the study contributes to the research on hate speech by showing the vernacular, contextual and localized nature of hate speech that emerges in reference to particular political actors, events and debates. Furthermore, the study illustrates the societal importance of the hate speech debate and the ways in which the concept itself, through multiple articulations, is used as tool in the post-truth battle to impede and disturb democratic debate and to serve particular political ends.
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spelling doaj-art-5467c3084a6b4e19b65c3be57dadb99e2025-08-20T02:38:30ZengSAGE PublishingSocial Media + Society2056-30512025-05-011110.1177/20563051251341794Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital PlatformsKaarina Nikunen0Paula Haara1Heidi Kosonen2Aleksi Knuutila3Reeta Pöyhtäri4Tuija Saresma5Tampere University, FinlandTampere University, FinlandUniversity of Jyväskylä, FinlandUniversity of Jyväskylä, FinlandTampere University, FinlandUniversity of Eastern Finland, FinlandIn the everyday context, the term “hate speech” has become increasingly politicized and emotionally charged, yet these vernacular constructions of hate speech remain under-explored. Used as both a rhetorical weapon and an object of genuine concern, various understandings of hate speech circulate within interactive everyday cultures of digital media, shaped by the digitalised media environment. With the combination of computational and qualititative research methods, this article explores the struggle over meanings of hate speech. From a large dataset of 289,933 messages, we identified the 10 most relevant themes. We further used articulation theory to analyze different political and social articulations of hate speech. We situate these articulations to the context of post-truth condition, characterized with crisis of trust and truth-telling. Our study identified articulations of confusion, uncertainty, ridicule, trivialization, and censorship in the context of hate speech. The results show that the struggle over the power to define hate speech simultaneously involves a struggle to overturn the definitional power of research institutions and official and knowledge authorities. Overall, the study contributes to the research on hate speech by showing the vernacular, contextual and localized nature of hate speech that emerges in reference to particular political actors, events and debates. Furthermore, the study illustrates the societal importance of the hate speech debate and the ways in which the concept itself, through multiple articulations, is used as tool in the post-truth battle to impede and disturb democratic debate and to serve particular political ends.https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251341794
spellingShingle Kaarina Nikunen
Paula Haara
Heidi Kosonen
Aleksi Knuutila
Reeta Pöyhtäri
Tuija Saresma
Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms
Social Media + Society
title Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms
title_full Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms
title_fullStr Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms
title_full_unstemmed Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms
title_short Contested Meanings of Hate Speech and the Post-Truth Condition on Digital Platforms
title_sort contested meanings of hate speech and the post truth condition on digital platforms
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251341794
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