Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures
Millions of students in Japan participate in school sports club activities, where thousands of heat illness cases occur every year. With future climate change, there is concern about the increased health risks posed to students in sports club activities by the worsening heat environment. However, fe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research: Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/adbb11 |
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| author | Takahiro Oyama Jun’ya Takakura Yuri Hosokawa Yasushi Honda Minoru Fujii Kenichi Nakajima Yasuaki Hijioka |
| author_facet | Takahiro Oyama Jun’ya Takakura Yuri Hosokawa Yasushi Honda Minoru Fujii Kenichi Nakajima Yasuaki Hijioka |
| author_sort | Takahiro Oyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Millions of students in Japan participate in school sports club activities, where thousands of heat illness cases occur every year. With future climate change, there is concern about the increased health risks posed to students in sports club activities by the worsening heat environment. However, few studies have quantitatively assessed the heat illness risks associated with school sports activities and the effectiveness of countermeasures under future climate change scenarios. Here, we evaluated the impact of heat and effectiveness of countermeasures based on hourly wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) projections under multiple climate scenarios. For the 2060s to 2080s, even under a stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control scenario (SSP1-1.9), strenuous exercise will be restricted for one to four months in five out of eight WBGT zones defined for Japan and for one to six months in six zones under the scenario with little control of GHG emissions (SSP5-8.5). In all four scenarios, unlike in the past, all physical activity should be stopped at least once a week in one or more zones. While common countermeasures like early morning exercise and reducing outdoor activity frequency effectively reduce heat illness risks, under the most pessimistic scenario (SSP5-8.5), strenuous exercise would still need to be restricted for one to four months in warmer zones, even with these measures. Common heat illness countermeasures remain necessary for sports club activities at present. However, further measures—such as replacing outdoor activities with indoor sessions—and behavioral changes—such as moving tournaments concentrated during summer vacation to cooler times of the year—will be inevitable as global warming progresses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-544a524e90ec49e3818964315c8a798e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2752-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research: Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-544a524e90ec49e3818964315c8a798e2025-08-20T02:46:50ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Health2752-53092025-01-013202500810.1088/2752-5309/adbb11Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasuresTakahiro Oyama0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-3606Jun’ya Takakura1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6184-8422Yuri Hosokawa2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-5361Yasushi Honda3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2248-1629Minoru Fujii4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-5115Kenichi Nakajima5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-7695Yasuaki Hijioka6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-3981Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanSocial Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanFaculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University , 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, JapanCenter for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanSocial Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanMaterial Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanCenter for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanMillions of students in Japan participate in school sports club activities, where thousands of heat illness cases occur every year. With future climate change, there is concern about the increased health risks posed to students in sports club activities by the worsening heat environment. However, few studies have quantitatively assessed the heat illness risks associated with school sports activities and the effectiveness of countermeasures under future climate change scenarios. Here, we evaluated the impact of heat and effectiveness of countermeasures based on hourly wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) projections under multiple climate scenarios. For the 2060s to 2080s, even under a stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control scenario (SSP1-1.9), strenuous exercise will be restricted for one to four months in five out of eight WBGT zones defined for Japan and for one to six months in six zones under the scenario with little control of GHG emissions (SSP5-8.5). In all four scenarios, unlike in the past, all physical activity should be stopped at least once a week in one or more zones. While common countermeasures like early morning exercise and reducing outdoor activity frequency effectively reduce heat illness risks, under the most pessimistic scenario (SSP5-8.5), strenuous exercise would still need to be restricted for one to four months in warmer zones, even with these measures. Common heat illness countermeasures remain necessary for sports club activities at present. However, further measures—such as replacing outdoor activities with indoor sessions—and behavioral changes—such as moving tournaments concentrated during summer vacation to cooler times of the year—will be inevitable as global warming progresses.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/adbb11heat illnessschoolsportsclimate changewet-bulb globe temperaturemachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Takahiro Oyama Jun’ya Takakura Yuri Hosokawa Yasushi Honda Minoru Fujii Kenichi Nakajima Yasuaki Hijioka Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures Environmental Research: Health heat illness school sports climate change wet-bulb globe temperature machine learning |
| title | Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures |
| title_full | Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures |
| title_fullStr | Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures |
| title_short | Heat impacts on school sports club activities in Japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures |
| title_sort | heat impacts on school sports club activities in japan under climate change and the effectiveness of countermeasures |
| topic | heat illness school sports climate change wet-bulb globe temperature machine learning |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/adbb11 |
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