Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the regenerative potential of a novel three-dimensional, scaffold-free human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived cell pellet (PDLSC-CP) for bone tissue regeneration and alveolar ridge preservation. The study evaluated the efficacy of PDLSC-CP in...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06495-0 |
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| author | Xiang Liang Zhou Zhang Siya Fang Sadam Ahmed Elayah Le Bai Sina Ahmadi Jin Liu Fangfang Xu Ying Han Junbo Tu Sijia Na |
| author_facet | Xiang Liang Zhou Zhang Siya Fang Sadam Ahmed Elayah Le Bai Sina Ahmadi Jin Liu Fangfang Xu Ying Han Junbo Tu Sijia Na |
| author_sort | Xiang Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the regenerative potential of a novel three-dimensional, scaffold-free human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived cell pellet (PDLSC-CP) for bone tissue regeneration and alveolar ridge preservation. The study evaluated the efficacy of PDLSC-CP in vitro and in vivo, comparing it with traditional cell sheets (PDLSC-CS). Methods PDLSCs were isolated from extracted premolars and characterized for their mesenchymal stem cell properties, including fibroblast-like morphology, colony-forming ability, multilineage differentiation potential, and specific surface marker expression. PDLSC-CP and PDLSC-CS were constructed and compared through histomorphological, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot analyses. In vivo evaluations were performed using rat calvarial defect models and canine alveolar ridge preservation models, with micro-CT and histological analyses to assess bone regeneration and ridge preservation. Results PDLSC-CP demonstrated superior histomorphological characteristics, including higher cell density, richer extracellular matrix (ECM), and enhanced osteogenic potential compared to PDLSC-CS. In vitro analyses revealed significantly elevated expression of ECM proteins (fibronectin, collagen type I) and osteogenic markers in PDLSC-CP. In vivo evaluations confirmed its remarkable capacity for bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects and alveolar ridge preservation in canine models. Micro-CT and histological analyses showed that PDLSC-CP promoted extensive and dense new bone formation, with improved bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and mineralization. Conclusions The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PDLSC-CP as a promising tool for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Its ability to enhance bone regeneration and alveolar ridge preservation underscores its clinical relevance. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5448e957345d4f5599e4bdb304dfebce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-5448e957345d4f5599e4bdb304dfebce2025-08-20T03:46:12ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-0125111510.1186/s12903-025-06495-0Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo studyXiang Liang0Zhou Zhang1Siya Fang2Sadam Ahmed Elayah3Le Bai4Sina Ahmadi5Jin Liu6Fangfang Xu7Ying Han8Junbo Tu9Sijia Na10Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiblah University for Medical and Health SciencesKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the regenerative potential of a novel three-dimensional, scaffold-free human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived cell pellet (PDLSC-CP) for bone tissue regeneration and alveolar ridge preservation. The study evaluated the efficacy of PDLSC-CP in vitro and in vivo, comparing it with traditional cell sheets (PDLSC-CS). Methods PDLSCs were isolated from extracted premolars and characterized for their mesenchymal stem cell properties, including fibroblast-like morphology, colony-forming ability, multilineage differentiation potential, and specific surface marker expression. PDLSC-CP and PDLSC-CS were constructed and compared through histomorphological, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot analyses. In vivo evaluations were performed using rat calvarial defect models and canine alveolar ridge preservation models, with micro-CT and histological analyses to assess bone regeneration and ridge preservation. Results PDLSC-CP demonstrated superior histomorphological characteristics, including higher cell density, richer extracellular matrix (ECM), and enhanced osteogenic potential compared to PDLSC-CS. In vitro analyses revealed significantly elevated expression of ECM proteins (fibronectin, collagen type I) and osteogenic markers in PDLSC-CP. In vivo evaluations confirmed its remarkable capacity for bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects and alveolar ridge preservation in canine models. Micro-CT and histological analyses showed that PDLSC-CP promoted extensive and dense new bone formation, with improved bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and mineralization. Conclusions The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PDLSC-CP as a promising tool for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Its ability to enhance bone regeneration and alveolar ridge preservation underscores its clinical relevance. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06495-0Alveolar ridge preservationBone regenerationCell pelletExtracellular matrixScaffold-free tissuePeriodontal ligament stem cells |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Liang Zhou Zhang Siya Fang Sadam Ahmed Elayah Le Bai Sina Ahmadi Jin Liu Fangfang Xu Ying Han Junbo Tu Sijia Na Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study BMC Oral Health Alveolar ridge preservation Bone regeneration Cell pellet Extracellular matrix Scaffold-free tissue Periodontal ligament stem cells |
| title | Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_full | Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_fullStr | Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_short | Three-dimensional scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation: an in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_sort | three dimensional scaffold free periodontal ligament stem cell pellets for alveolar ridge preservation an in vitro and in vivo study |
| topic | Alveolar ridge preservation Bone regeneration Cell pellet Extracellular matrix Scaffold-free tissue Periodontal ligament stem cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06495-0 |
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