Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity
Accurately describing the path of sheet flow (SF) is crucial in soil erosion. Raindrop impact and underlying surface conditions can affect the SF velocity by changing the velocity profile. However, since this information is rarely known, the estimation of SF velocity is inaccurate. A series of upstr...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | International Soil and Water Conservation Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633924000662 |
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| author | Enshuai Shen Gang Liu Qiong Zhang Chenxi Dan Chang Liu Hairu Li Ya Liu Xueming Qu Xiaolin Xia Dandan Liu Zhen Guo Xining Zhao |
| author_facet | Enshuai Shen Gang Liu Qiong Zhang Chenxi Dan Chang Liu Hairu Li Ya Liu Xueming Qu Xiaolin Xia Dandan Liu Zhen Guo Xining Zhao |
| author_sort | Enshuai Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurately describing the path of sheet flow (SF) is crucial in soil erosion. Raindrop impact and underlying surface conditions can affect the SF velocity by changing the velocity profile. However, since this information is rarely known, the estimation of SF velocity is inaccurate. A series of upstream inflow and rainfall experiments were carried out on an impermeable flume to determine the coupling effects of rainfall and rough bed surfaces on the SF velocity and correction factor (α). The results showed that the roughness of the bed surface had a more pronounced effect on reducing the mean velocity compared to the surface velocity in both cases with and without raindrop impact. The raindrop impact notably reduced the flow velocity near the water surface, while the mean velocity slightly decreased or remained almost constant with increasing rainfall intensity. The reduction in SF velocity can be explained by the combined effects of the roughness reducing the mean velocity (up to 33.52%) and the raindrop impact reducing the surface velocity (up to 25.43%). In addition, α was not a constant when the SF was subjected to raindrop impact. The rainfall was found to increase α, while the roughness of the bed surface reduced α for all cases. Finally, a model was created to forecast α based on the ratio of water depth to roughness height, hydraulic slope, and rain Reynolds number. The results are valuable in soil erosion by providing accurate α for estimating the surface and mean velocities of SF. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5445fe47ccd745a3bb254410547996f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2095-6339 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
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| series | International Soil and Water Conservation Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-5445fe47ccd745a3bb254410547996f02025-01-07T04:17:16ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.International Soil and Water Conservation Research2095-63392025-03-01131164176Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocityEnshuai Shen0Gang Liu1Qiong Zhang2Chenxi Dan3Chang Liu4Hairu Li5Ya Liu6Xueming Qu7Xiaolin Xia8Dandan Liu9Zhen Guo10Xining Zhao11State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; Corresponding author. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, No. 26, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233000, ChinaSichuan Huabiaoce Testing Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610097, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, ChinaAccurately describing the path of sheet flow (SF) is crucial in soil erosion. Raindrop impact and underlying surface conditions can affect the SF velocity by changing the velocity profile. However, since this information is rarely known, the estimation of SF velocity is inaccurate. A series of upstream inflow and rainfall experiments were carried out on an impermeable flume to determine the coupling effects of rainfall and rough bed surfaces on the SF velocity and correction factor (α). The results showed that the roughness of the bed surface had a more pronounced effect on reducing the mean velocity compared to the surface velocity in both cases with and without raindrop impact. The raindrop impact notably reduced the flow velocity near the water surface, while the mean velocity slightly decreased or remained almost constant with increasing rainfall intensity. The reduction in SF velocity can be explained by the combined effects of the roughness reducing the mean velocity (up to 33.52%) and the raindrop impact reducing the surface velocity (up to 25.43%). In addition, α was not a constant when the SF was subjected to raindrop impact. The rainfall was found to increase α, while the roughness of the bed surface reduced α for all cases. Finally, a model was created to forecast α based on the ratio of water depth to roughness height, hydraulic slope, and rain Reynolds number. The results are valuable in soil erosion by providing accurate α for estimating the surface and mean velocities of SF.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633924000662RunoffErosion assessmentCorrection factorHillslope hydrologyHydraulic parameter |
| spellingShingle | Enshuai Shen Gang Liu Qiong Zhang Chenxi Dan Chang Liu Hairu Li Ya Liu Xueming Qu Xiaolin Xia Dandan Liu Zhen Guo Xining Zhao Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity International Soil and Water Conservation Research Runoff Erosion assessment Correction factor Hillslope hydrology Hydraulic parameter |
| title | Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity |
| title_full | Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity |
| title_fullStr | Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity |
| title_short | Exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity |
| title_sort | exploring coupling effects of rainfall and surface roughness on the sheet flow velocity |
| topic | Runoff Erosion assessment Correction factor Hillslope hydrology Hydraulic parameter |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633924000662 |
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