Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for interpreting mammograms have the potential to improve the effectiveness of population breast cancer screening programmes if they can detect cancers, including interval cancers, without contributing substantially to overdiagnosis. Studies sugges...

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Main Authors: M Luke Marinovich, Gavin F Pereira, Nehmat Houssami, Elizabeth Wylie, Sophia Zackrisson, Stacy M Carter, Meagan Brennan, Alison Pearce, William Lotter, Helen Lund, Andrew Waddell, Jiye G Kim, Christoph I Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2022-01-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e054005.full
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author M Luke Marinovich
Gavin F Pereira
Nehmat Houssami
Elizabeth Wylie
Sophia Zackrisson
Stacy M Carter
Meagan Brennan
Alison Pearce
William Lotter
Helen Lund
Andrew Waddell
Jiye G Kim
Christoph I Lee
author_facet M Luke Marinovich
Gavin F Pereira
Nehmat Houssami
Elizabeth Wylie
Sophia Zackrisson
Stacy M Carter
Meagan Brennan
Alison Pearce
William Lotter
Helen Lund
Andrew Waddell
Jiye G Kim
Christoph I Lee
author_sort M Luke Marinovich
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for interpreting mammograms have the potential to improve the effectiveness of population breast cancer screening programmes if they can detect cancers, including interval cancers, without contributing substantially to overdiagnosis. Studies suggesting that AI has comparable or greater accuracy than radiologists commonly employ ‘enriched’ datasets in which cancer prevalence is higher than in population screening. Routine screening outcome metrics (cancer detection and recall rates) cannot be estimated from these datasets, and accuracy estimates may be subject to spectrum bias which limits generalisabilty to real-world screening. We aim to address these limitations by comparing the accuracy of AI and radiologists in a cohort of consecutive of women attending a real-world population breast cancer screening programme.Methods and analysis A retrospective, consecutive cohort of digital mammography screens from 109 000 distinct women was assembled from BreastScreen WA (BSWA), Western Australia’s biennial population screening programme, from November 2016 to December 2017. The cohort includes 761 screen-detected and 235 interval cancers. Descriptive characteristics and results of radiologist double-reading will be extracted from BSWA outcomes data collection. Mammograms will be reinterpreted by a commercial AI algorithm (DeepHealth). AI accuracy will be compared with that of radiologist single-reading based on the difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Cancer detection and recall rates for combined AI–radiologist reading will be estimated by pairing the first radiologist read per screen with the AI algorithm, and compared with estimates for radiologist double-reading.Ethics and dissemination This study has ethical approval from the Women and Newborn Health Service Ethics Committee (EC00350) and the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (HRE2020-0316). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Results will also be disseminated to stakeholders in Australian breast cancer screening programmes and policy makers in population screening.
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spelling doaj-art-544264d73ed64ff4884bfc4cb3a034fc2025-08-20T03:48:45ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-01-0112110.1136/bmjopen-2021-054005Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detectionM Luke Marinovich0Gavin F Pereira1Nehmat Houssami2Elizabeth Wylie3Sophia Zackrisson4Stacy M Carter5Meagan Brennan6Alison Pearce7William Lotter8Helen Lund9Andrew Waddell10Jiye G Kim11Christoph I Lee12Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaSchool of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaBreastScreen WA, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaDiagnostic Radiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenAustralian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence and Values, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, AustraliaSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaHelen and Douglas House Children’s Hospice, Aims1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USABreastScreen WA, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaBreastScreen WA, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaDeepHealth Inc, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USADepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USAIntroduction Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for interpreting mammograms have the potential to improve the effectiveness of population breast cancer screening programmes if they can detect cancers, including interval cancers, without contributing substantially to overdiagnosis. Studies suggesting that AI has comparable or greater accuracy than radiologists commonly employ ‘enriched’ datasets in which cancer prevalence is higher than in population screening. Routine screening outcome metrics (cancer detection and recall rates) cannot be estimated from these datasets, and accuracy estimates may be subject to spectrum bias which limits generalisabilty to real-world screening. We aim to address these limitations by comparing the accuracy of AI and radiologists in a cohort of consecutive of women attending a real-world population breast cancer screening programme.Methods and analysis A retrospective, consecutive cohort of digital mammography screens from 109 000 distinct women was assembled from BreastScreen WA (BSWA), Western Australia’s biennial population screening programme, from November 2016 to December 2017. The cohort includes 761 screen-detected and 235 interval cancers. Descriptive characteristics and results of radiologist double-reading will be extracted from BSWA outcomes data collection. Mammograms will be reinterpreted by a commercial AI algorithm (DeepHealth). AI accuracy will be compared with that of radiologist single-reading based on the difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Cancer detection and recall rates for combined AI–radiologist reading will be estimated by pairing the first radiologist read per screen with the AI algorithm, and compared with estimates for radiologist double-reading.Ethics and dissemination This study has ethical approval from the Women and Newborn Health Service Ethics Committee (EC00350) and the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (HRE2020-0316). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Results will also be disseminated to stakeholders in Australian breast cancer screening programmes and policy makers in population screening.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e054005.full
spellingShingle M Luke Marinovich
Gavin F Pereira
Nehmat Houssami
Elizabeth Wylie
Sophia Zackrisson
Stacy M Carter
Meagan Brennan
Alison Pearce
William Lotter
Helen Lund
Andrew Waddell
Jiye G Kim
Christoph I Lee
Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
BMJ Open
title Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
title_full Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
title_fullStr Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
title_full_unstemmed Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
title_short Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
title_sort artificial intelligence ai to enhance breast cancer screening protocol for population based cohort study of cancer detection
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e054005.full
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