Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits
<i>Rhus typhina</i>, an invasive plant species, contains valuable compounds that can be utilized in various fields. The main aim of this paper was to find the optimal conditions for extracting high amounts of bioactive compounds from <i>R. typhina</i> fruits using ultrasound-...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Maria Denisa Cocîrlea Natalia Simionescu Teodora Călin Florentina Gatea Georgiana Ileana Badea Emanuel Vamanu Simona Oancea |
| author_facet | Maria Denisa Cocîrlea Natalia Simionescu Teodora Călin Florentina Gatea Georgiana Ileana Badea Emanuel Vamanu Simona Oancea |
| author_sort | Maria Denisa Cocîrlea |
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| description | <i>Rhus typhina</i>, an invasive plant species, contains valuable compounds that can be utilized in various fields. The main aim of this paper was to find the optimal conditions for extracting high amounts of bioactive compounds from <i>R. typhina</i> fruits using ultrasound-assisted and bead-beating techniques under different parameters (solvent concentration, solvent/solid ratio, extraction time, bead size, and material). A Box–Behnken design was applied for ultrasound-assisted extraction. The following process parameters were found to be optimal: 20/1 solvent/solid ratio (<i>v</i>/<i>w</i>), 61.51% aqueous ethanol, 10 min extraction time, with a composite desirability of 0.7719. The HPLC profile indicates that <i>p</i>-coumaric acid was the most abundant phenolic compound found in the BBE extract. The BBE extract was subjected to in vitro biological tests. The results indicate a high antimicrobial activity on <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (20 mm inhibition zone) and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (12 mm inhibition zone). A hemolysis rate of 19.85% was found at an extract concentration of 1000 µg/mL on sheep erythrocytes. We report for the first time the protective role of the extract on cell viability of human gingival fibroblasts, but also a weak antiproliferative effect on the HepG2 human liver cancer cell line. Overall, we conclude that <i>R. typhina</i> fruits are rich in bioactive compounds that can be recovered using proper extraction conditions. Further research is required to understand and valorize their biological potential. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-543bec56f48d4c2e8d5e6bfb7f464ff22025-08-20T01:55:26ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114231109610.3390/app142311096Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> FruitsMaria Denisa Cocîrlea0Natalia Simionescu1Teodora Călin2Florentina Gatea3Georgiana Ileana Badea4Emanuel Vamanu5Simona Oancea6Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 7–9 Dr. Ion Ratiu Street, 550024 Sibiu, RomaniaCentre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 700487 Iasi, RomaniaLaboratory of Diagnostic and Investigation, Directorate of Public Health, 3 George Barițiu Street, 550178 Sibiu, RomaniaCentre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, RomaniaCentre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti blvd, 011464 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 7–9 Dr. Ion Ratiu Street, 550024 Sibiu, Romania<i>Rhus typhina</i>, an invasive plant species, contains valuable compounds that can be utilized in various fields. The main aim of this paper was to find the optimal conditions for extracting high amounts of bioactive compounds from <i>R. typhina</i> fruits using ultrasound-assisted and bead-beating techniques under different parameters (solvent concentration, solvent/solid ratio, extraction time, bead size, and material). A Box–Behnken design was applied for ultrasound-assisted extraction. The following process parameters were found to be optimal: 20/1 solvent/solid ratio (<i>v</i>/<i>w</i>), 61.51% aqueous ethanol, 10 min extraction time, with a composite desirability of 0.7719. The HPLC profile indicates that <i>p</i>-coumaric acid was the most abundant phenolic compound found in the BBE extract. The BBE extract was subjected to in vitro biological tests. The results indicate a high antimicrobial activity on <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (20 mm inhibition zone) and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (12 mm inhibition zone). A hemolysis rate of 19.85% was found at an extract concentration of 1000 µg/mL on sheep erythrocytes. We report for the first time the protective role of the extract on cell viability of human gingival fibroblasts, but also a weak antiproliferative effect on the HepG2 human liver cancer cell line. Overall, we conclude that <i>R. typhina</i> fruits are rich in bioactive compounds that can be recovered using proper extraction conditions. Further research is required to understand and valorize their biological potential.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11096staghorn sumacultrasound-assisted extractionbead-beating extractionphenolicsantioxidant activityantimicrobial |
| spellingShingle | Maria Denisa Cocîrlea Natalia Simionescu Teodora Călin Florentina Gatea Georgiana Ileana Badea Emanuel Vamanu Simona Oancea Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits Applied Sciences staghorn sumac ultrasound-assisted extraction bead-beating extraction phenolics antioxidant activity antimicrobial |
| title | Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits |
| title_full | Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits |
| title_fullStr | Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits |
| title_short | Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Rhus typhina</i> Fruits |
| title_sort | box behnken design based optimization of extraction parameters of phenolics antioxidant activity and in vitro bioactive and cytotoxic properties of i rhus typhina i fruits |
| topic | staghorn sumac ultrasound-assisted extraction bead-beating extraction phenolics antioxidant activity antimicrobial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11096 |
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