Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride
Epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol% epoxide (ENR-50) was compounded with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and subjected to torque response analysis using a moving die rheometer. It was found that different ZnCl2 concentrations (3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 millimoles (mmol)) mixed in ENR-50 exhibited positive torque...
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Budapest University of Technology and Economics
2024-11-01
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| Series: | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
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| Online Access: | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0013037&mi=cd |
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| author | Kamonthip Rittimas Skulrat Pichaiyut Charoen Nakason |
| author_facet | Kamonthip Rittimas Skulrat Pichaiyut Charoen Nakason |
| author_sort | Kamonthip Rittimas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol% epoxide (ENR-50) was compounded with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and subjected to torque response analysis using a moving die rheometer. It was found that different ZnCl2 concentrations (3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 millimoles (mmol)) mixed in ENR-50 exhibited positive torque responses, prompting further molecular characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated distinct absorption peaks at wavenumbers of 442 and 809 cm–1, which signify the presence of –O–Zn–O– coordination linkages. The curing characteristics of ENR and ZnCl2 compounds showed that increasing ZnCl2 content resulted in higher minimum and maximum torque values, but also led to a decrease in scorch time and cure rate index (CRI). Moreover, higher ZnCl2 concentrations enhanced the strength properties (tensile strength, moduli, stiffness, toughness, and hardness), crosslink densities, dynamic shear moduli, initial modulus during relaxation experiments, and thermal resistance, as evidenced by temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR), thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. However, an increase in ZnCl2 content led to a reduction in elongation at break due to the higher crosslink density within the coordination networks in the ENR matrix, which resulted in the movement constraint of the rubber vulcanizate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5434a94da76b4e27ad3686b540aef62a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1788-618X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-5434a94da76b4e27ad3686b540aef62a2025-08-20T03:56:12ZengBudapest University of Technology and EconomicseXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2024-11-0118111149116310.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.87Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chlorideKamonthip RittimasSkulrat PichaiyutCharoen NakasonEpoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol% epoxide (ENR-50) was compounded with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and subjected to torque response analysis using a moving die rheometer. It was found that different ZnCl2 concentrations (3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 millimoles (mmol)) mixed in ENR-50 exhibited positive torque responses, prompting further molecular characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated distinct absorption peaks at wavenumbers of 442 and 809 cm–1, which signify the presence of –O–Zn–O– coordination linkages. The curing characteristics of ENR and ZnCl2 compounds showed that increasing ZnCl2 content resulted in higher minimum and maximum torque values, but also led to a decrease in scorch time and cure rate index (CRI). Moreover, higher ZnCl2 concentrations enhanced the strength properties (tensile strength, moduli, stiffness, toughness, and hardness), crosslink densities, dynamic shear moduli, initial modulus during relaxation experiments, and thermal resistance, as evidenced by temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR), thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. However, an increase in ZnCl2 content led to a reduction in elongation at break due to the higher crosslink density within the coordination networks in the ENR matrix, which resulted in the movement constraint of the rubber vulcanizate.http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0013037&mi=cd crosslinking crosslinking agent natural rubber thermal degradation vulcanization |
| spellingShingle | Kamonthip Rittimas Skulrat Pichaiyut Charoen Nakason Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride eXPRESS Polymer Letters crosslinking crosslinking agent natural rubber thermal degradation vulcanization |
| title | Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride |
| title_full | Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride |
| title_fullStr | Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride |
| title_short | Coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride |
| title_sort | coordination crosslinks of epoxidized natural rubber with reactive zinc chloride |
| topic | crosslinking crosslinking agent natural rubber thermal degradation vulcanization |
| url | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0013037&mi=cd |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kamonthiprittimas coordinationcrosslinksofepoxidizednaturalrubberwithreactivezincchloride AT skulratpichaiyut coordinationcrosslinksofepoxidizednaturalrubberwithreactivezincchloride AT charoennakason coordinationcrosslinksofepoxidizednaturalrubberwithreactivezincchloride |