Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh

Abstract Background Proper menstrual management is crucial for well-being and reproductive health. Despite global efforts to improve menstrual health, more than 2.3 billion girls and women still lack access to adequate menstrual hygiene facilities. This issue is exacerbated in physically demanding s...

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Main Authors: Syeda Nurunnahar, Nazrin Akter, Farjana Jahan, Rehnuma Haque, Julie Hennegan, Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Women's Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03800-5
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author Syeda Nurunnahar
Nazrin Akter
Farjana Jahan
Rehnuma Haque
Julie Hennegan
Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz
author_facet Syeda Nurunnahar
Nazrin Akter
Farjana Jahan
Rehnuma Haque
Julie Hennegan
Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz
author_sort Syeda Nurunnahar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Proper menstrual management is crucial for well-being and reproductive health. Despite global efforts to improve menstrual health, more than 2.3 billion girls and women still lack access to adequate menstrual hygiene facilities. This issue is exacerbated in physically demanding sports, where menstrual health can impact performance. Objective This study examines the menstrual experiences and challenges adolescent female athletes face in Bangladesh. It seeks to identify their current menstruation management practices, assess physical, psychological, and sociocultural challenges during menstruation, and evaluate the facility improvements and support systems needed to enhance menstrual management and athletic performance. Methods A qualitative research design was employed, focusing on a phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of adolescent athletes. The study was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Sports Education (BKSP), which serves approximately 1,500 female athletes. A purposive sampling strategy selected 32 adolescent athletes for in-depth interviews (IDIs) and two focus group discussions (FGDs), which were segmented by age. Additionally, six key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with coaches and administrative staff. The data were collected through audio-recorded interviews, and thematic analysis was performed. Results This study revealed that sociocultural taboos and misconceptions significantly affect menstrual management practices among athletes. Physical challenges include discomfort, irregular cycles, and limited access to menstrual hygiene products, contributing to increased absenteeism from training. Psychological impacts, such as concerns about reproductive health and inadequate guidance on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), further complicate the situation. Both athletes and coaches expressed a need for better education and resources. Conclusion Addressing menstrual management challenges for adolescent female athletes requires a comprehensive approach. Enhanced knowledge and awareness, improved access to menstrual hygiene products, and targeted education for athletes and coaches are essential to enhance menstrual management and athletic performance.
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spelling doaj-art-543307488af548b48b2a9a2f0e3784f12025-08-20T02:29:46ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742025-05-0125111310.1186/s12905-025-03800-5Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in BangladeshSyeda Nurunnahar0Nazrin Akter1Farjana Jahan2Rehnuma Haque3Julie Hennegan4Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz5Environmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,bEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,bEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,bEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,bWomen’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health Program, Burnet InstituteMaternal and Child Nutrition, Nutrition Research Division, icddr,bAbstract Background Proper menstrual management is crucial for well-being and reproductive health. Despite global efforts to improve menstrual health, more than 2.3 billion girls and women still lack access to adequate menstrual hygiene facilities. This issue is exacerbated in physically demanding sports, where menstrual health can impact performance. Objective This study examines the menstrual experiences and challenges adolescent female athletes face in Bangladesh. It seeks to identify their current menstruation management practices, assess physical, psychological, and sociocultural challenges during menstruation, and evaluate the facility improvements and support systems needed to enhance menstrual management and athletic performance. Methods A qualitative research design was employed, focusing on a phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of adolescent athletes. The study was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Sports Education (BKSP), which serves approximately 1,500 female athletes. A purposive sampling strategy selected 32 adolescent athletes for in-depth interviews (IDIs) and two focus group discussions (FGDs), which were segmented by age. Additionally, six key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with coaches and administrative staff. The data were collected through audio-recorded interviews, and thematic analysis was performed. Results This study revealed that sociocultural taboos and misconceptions significantly affect menstrual management practices among athletes. Physical challenges include discomfort, irregular cycles, and limited access to menstrual hygiene products, contributing to increased absenteeism from training. Psychological impacts, such as concerns about reproductive health and inadequate guidance on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), further complicate the situation. Both athletes and coaches expressed a need for better education and resources. Conclusion Addressing menstrual management challenges for adolescent female athletes requires a comprehensive approach. Enhanced knowledge and awareness, improved access to menstrual hygiene products, and targeted education for athletes and coaches are essential to enhance menstrual management and athletic performance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03800-5Adolescent athletesMenstruation managementChallengesSports performancePolicyAnd Infrastructure
spellingShingle Syeda Nurunnahar
Nazrin Akter
Farjana Jahan
Rehnuma Haque
Julie Hennegan
Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz
Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh
BMC Women's Health
Adolescent athletes
Menstruation management
Challenges
Sports performance
Policy
And Infrastructure
title Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh
title_full Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh
title_short Taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously: a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in Bangladesh
title_sort taking menstruation health and hygiene seriously a qualitative exploration of the challenges and facility requirements of female adolescent athletes in bangladesh
topic Adolescent athletes
Menstruation management
Challenges
Sports performance
Policy
And Infrastructure
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03800-5
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