Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited

The oldest recorded earthquake in South Africa is widely accepted (in several seismic catalogues) to have occurred on 07 April 1620. This earthquake was regarded as having a Modified Mercalli Scale intensity of II-IV, corresponding to a Richter Scale Magnitude of ~4. An examination of the original...

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Main Author: Sharad Master
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Academy of Science of South Africa 2012-09-01
Series:South African Journal of Science
Online Access:https://sajs.co.za/article/view/9794
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author Sharad Master
author_facet Sharad Master
author_sort Sharad Master
collection DOAJ
description The oldest recorded earthquake in South Africa is widely accepted (in several seismic catalogues) to have occurred on 07 April 1620. This earthquake was regarded as having a Modified Mercalli Scale intensity of II-IV, corresponding to a Richter Scale Magnitude of ~4. An examination of the original sources on which the record of this earthquake rests, reveals that it was based on a description of 'two startling thunderclaps like cannon shots while ship was becalmed near Robben Island' by Augustin de Beaulieu, who was the head of a fleet of three ships which put in Table Bay in March-April 1620. A full excerpt of Beaulieu's account reveals that the thunderclaps took place in a short period of calm during an extended period of stormy weather, and that the observations were made on board ship, so that no seismic ground vibration was felt. The Western Cape has a much lower incidence of lightning than the interior of South Africa, and the fact that the thunderclaps were not accompanied by lightning is not unusual. Thus the simplest explanation of the thunderclaps is that they were the result of atmospheric phenomena, and not a result of seismic activity, as interpreted by J.N. Theron in 1974. The events of 07 April 1620 should thus be removed from the catalogues of historical seismicity in South Africa, making the slight shock felt in Cape Town in 1690, with a Modified Mercalli Scale intensity of III, the oldest recorded seismic tremor in the history of South Africa.
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spelling doaj-art-5432edec0fd148edb077532416f28af42025-08-20T02:26:04ZengAcademy of Science of South AfricaSouth African Journal of Science1996-74892012-09-011089/103 Pages3 Pages8091Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discreditedSharad Master0Economic Geology Research Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgThe oldest recorded earthquake in South Africa is widely accepted (in several seismic catalogues) to have occurred on 07 April 1620. This earthquake was regarded as having a Modified Mercalli Scale intensity of II-IV, corresponding to a Richter Scale Magnitude of ~4. An examination of the original sources on which the record of this earthquake rests, reveals that it was based on a description of 'two startling thunderclaps like cannon shots while ship was becalmed near Robben Island' by Augustin de Beaulieu, who was the head of a fleet of three ships which put in Table Bay in March-April 1620. A full excerpt of Beaulieu's account reveals that the thunderclaps took place in a short period of calm during an extended period of stormy weather, and that the observations were made on board ship, so that no seismic ground vibration was felt. The Western Cape has a much lower incidence of lightning than the interior of South Africa, and the fact that the thunderclaps were not accompanied by lightning is not unusual. Thus the simplest explanation of the thunderclaps is that they were the result of atmospheric phenomena, and not a result of seismic activity, as interpreted by J.N. Theron in 1974. The events of 07 April 1620 should thus be removed from the catalogues of historical seismicity in South Africa, making the slight shock felt in Cape Town in 1690, with a Modified Mercalli Scale intensity of III, the oldest recorded seismic tremor in the history of South Africa.https://sajs.co.za/article/view/9794
spellingShingle Sharad Master
Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited
South African Journal of Science
title Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited
title_full Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited
title_fullStr Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited
title_full_unstemmed Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited
title_short Oldest 'earthquake' in South Africa (Robben Island, 07 April 1620) discredited
title_sort oldest earthquake in south africa robben island 07 april 1620 discredited
url https://sajs.co.za/article/view/9794
work_keys_str_mv AT sharadmaster oldestearthquakeinsouthafricarobbenisland07april1620discredited