Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions

Abstract This study investigates the potential of valorized wood bark waste as an efficient, low-cost adsorbent for removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Valorization via pyrolysis significantly enhanced the surface area (from 105.3 to 344.7 m²/g) and pore volume (from 0.168 to 0.421 cm³/g),...

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Main Authors: Salah Ud Din, Ibrahim Arogundade, Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary, Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi, Hamad AlMohamadi, Nuha Y. Elamin, Ibtehaj F. Alshdoukhi, Jawaher Saud Alrashood
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17021-1
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author Salah Ud Din
Ibrahim Arogundade
Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary
Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi
Hamad AlMohamadi
Nuha Y. Elamin
Ibtehaj F. Alshdoukhi
Jawaher Saud Alrashood
author_facet Salah Ud Din
Ibrahim Arogundade
Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary
Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi
Hamad AlMohamadi
Nuha Y. Elamin
Ibtehaj F. Alshdoukhi
Jawaher Saud Alrashood
author_sort Salah Ud Din
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates the potential of valorized wood bark waste as an efficient, low-cost adsorbent for removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Valorization via pyrolysis significantly enhanced the surface area (from 105.3 to 344.7 m²/g) and pore volume (from 0.168 to 0.421 cm³/g), promoting higher adsorption capacity. Characterization using FT-IR, SEM-EDS, BET, and TGA confirmed structural and chemical modifications that improved Pb(II) uptake. Batch experiments optimized parameters such as pH (optimal at 5), contact time (100 min), temperature (55 °C), and adsorbent dosage (0.5 g). The valorized adsorbent (VWBWA) demonstrated superior performance, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 114.03 mg/g, nearly twice that of the raw form (59.20 mg/g). Adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and kinetic data fit pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, indicating chemisorption and pore diffusion mechanisms. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the process was spontaneous and endothermic, with higher enthalpy (39.54 kJ/mol) and entropy (13.44 J/mol·K) changes for VWBWA. Desorption studies confirmed reusability, with acetic acid showing optimal elution. These findings establish valorized wood bark waste as a promising and sustainable biosorbent for lead remediation in industrial wastewater treatment, aligning with circular economy and waste valorization principles.
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spelling doaj-art-540331b11fb44a53a8049ae8f29a0dee2025-08-24T11:30:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-17021-1Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ionsSalah Ud Din0Ibrahim Arogundade1Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary2Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi3Hamad AlMohamadi4Nuha Y. Elamin5Ibtehaj F. Alshdoukhi6Jawaher Saud Alrashood7Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and KashmirDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of JeddahDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of JeddahDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of MadinahDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterDepartment of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityAbstract This study investigates the potential of valorized wood bark waste as an efficient, low-cost adsorbent for removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Valorization via pyrolysis significantly enhanced the surface area (from 105.3 to 344.7 m²/g) and pore volume (from 0.168 to 0.421 cm³/g), promoting higher adsorption capacity. Characterization using FT-IR, SEM-EDS, BET, and TGA confirmed structural and chemical modifications that improved Pb(II) uptake. Batch experiments optimized parameters such as pH (optimal at 5), contact time (100 min), temperature (55 °C), and adsorbent dosage (0.5 g). The valorized adsorbent (VWBWA) demonstrated superior performance, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 114.03 mg/g, nearly twice that of the raw form (59.20 mg/g). Adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and kinetic data fit pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, indicating chemisorption and pore diffusion mechanisms. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the process was spontaneous and endothermic, with higher enthalpy (39.54 kJ/mol) and entropy (13.44 J/mol·K) changes for VWBWA. Desorption studies confirmed reusability, with acetic acid showing optimal elution. These findings establish valorized wood bark waste as a promising and sustainable biosorbent for lead remediation in industrial wastewater treatment, aligning with circular economy and waste valorization principles.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17021-1AdsorptionIsothermsPollutionValorizationWood bark
spellingShingle Salah Ud Din
Ibrahim Arogundade
Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary
Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi
Hamad AlMohamadi
Nuha Y. Elamin
Ibtehaj F. Alshdoukhi
Jawaher Saud Alrashood
Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions
Scientific Reports
Adsorption
Isotherms
Pollution
Valorization
Wood bark
title Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions
title_full Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions
title_fullStr Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions
title_full_unstemmed Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions
title_short Utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) ions
title_sort utilization of valorised wood bark waste as an adsorbent for the uptake of pb ii ions
topic Adsorption
Isotherms
Pollution
Valorization
Wood bark
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17021-1
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