Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis

This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of Vicugna pacos (<i>Huacaya alpacas</i>) from two contrasting breeding contexts in Junín, Peru: the genetically managed herd of INIA’s Santa Ana Experimental Station (Suitucancha) and the community-based herd of Huayre,...

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Main Authors: Wilber Peralta, Agustin Nestares, Julyssa Gamarra, Miler Rojas, Juan Sullca, Richard Estrada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Diversity
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/5/353
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author Wilber Peralta
Agustin Nestares
Julyssa Gamarra
Miler Rojas
Juan Sullca
Richard Estrada
author_facet Wilber Peralta
Agustin Nestares
Julyssa Gamarra
Miler Rojas
Juan Sullca
Richard Estrada
author_sort Wilber Peralta
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of Vicugna pacos (<i>Huacaya alpacas</i>) from two contrasting breeding contexts in Junín, Peru: the genetically managed herd of INIA’s Santa Ana Experimental Station (Suitucancha) and the community-based herd of Huayre, where natural, unregulated mating practices are common. An external reference population from Quimsachata was also included. Genetic diversity parameters revealed high allelic richness and heterozygosity within all populations. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), Bayesian clustering, and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated moderate genetic differentiation between Suitucancha and Huayre, likely influenced by the use of selected males under controlled mating in Suitucancha versus natural, unregulated group mating in Huayre, which facilitates broader gene flow. The Quimsachata group displayed distinct genetic characteristics, likely reflecting limited gene flow due to its role as a germplasm conservation nucleus under closed reproductive management. These results reflect how differences in reproductive management may influence population structure in alpacas.
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spelling doaj-art-53b67077fb0f4807b31f3e7b19baaa0f2025-08-20T03:14:42ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-05-0117535310.3390/d17050353Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite AnalysisWilber Peralta0Agustin Nestares1Julyssa Gamarra2Miler Rojas3Juan Sullca4Richard Estrada5Estación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana-Proyecto PROGRAN, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Huancayo 120114, PeruEstación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana-Proyecto PROGRAN, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Huancayo 120114, PeruEstación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana-Proyecto PROGRAN, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Huancayo 120114, PeruEstación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana-Proyecto PROGRAN, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Huancayo 120114, PeruDirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, PeruDirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, PeruThis study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of Vicugna pacos (<i>Huacaya alpacas</i>) from two contrasting breeding contexts in Junín, Peru: the genetically managed herd of INIA’s Santa Ana Experimental Station (Suitucancha) and the community-based herd of Huayre, where natural, unregulated mating practices are common. An external reference population from Quimsachata was also included. Genetic diversity parameters revealed high allelic richness and heterozygosity within all populations. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), Bayesian clustering, and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated moderate genetic differentiation between Suitucancha and Huayre, likely influenced by the use of selected males under controlled mating in Suitucancha versus natural, unregulated group mating in Huayre, which facilitates broader gene flow. The Quimsachata group displayed distinct genetic characteristics, likely reflecting limited gene flow due to its role as a germplasm conservation nucleus under closed reproductive management. These results reflect how differences in reproductive management may influence population structure in alpacas.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/5/353<i>Vicugna pacos</i>genetic diversitypopulation structuremicrosatellites
spellingShingle Wilber Peralta
Agustin Nestares
Julyssa Gamarra
Miler Rojas
Juan Sullca
Richard Estrada
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis
Diversity
<i>Vicugna pacos</i>
genetic diversity
population structure
microsatellites
title Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis
title_full Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis
title_fullStr Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis
title_short Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>) in Peru: A Microsatellite Analysis
title_sort genetic diversity and population structure of alpacas i vicugna pacos i in peru a microsatellite analysis
topic <i>Vicugna pacos</i>
genetic diversity
population structure
microsatellites
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/5/353
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