SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients

<b>Background:</b> In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the estimation of PaO<sub>2</sub> represents the method of choice for monitoring a patient’s oxygenation status and assessing disease severity. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the correlation between...

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Main Authors: Alberto Marra, Vito D’Agnano, Raffaella Pagliaro, Fabio Perrotta, Ilaria Di Fiore, Antonio D’Orologio, Filippo Scialò, Angela Schiattarella, Andrea Bianco, Roberto Parrella
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1072
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author Alberto Marra
Vito D’Agnano
Raffaella Pagliaro
Fabio Perrotta
Ilaria Di Fiore
Antonio D’Orologio
Filippo Scialò
Angela Schiattarella
Andrea Bianco
Roberto Parrella
author_facet Alberto Marra
Vito D’Agnano
Raffaella Pagliaro
Fabio Perrotta
Ilaria Di Fiore
Antonio D’Orologio
Filippo Scialò
Angela Schiattarella
Andrea Bianco
Roberto Parrella
author_sort Alberto Marra
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the estimation of PaO<sub>2</sub> represents the method of choice for monitoring a patient’s oxygenation status and assessing disease severity. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the correlation between SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>, as well as radiological and laboratory biomarkers of severity. <b>Methods:</b> In this monocentric observational, analytical, retrospective large cohort study, consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia from SARS-CoV-2, hospitalized at the Cotugno Hospital—AORN dei Colli—of Naples, between 1 September 2020 and 28 February 2022 were considered for study inclusion. Patients with missing data were excluded. <b>Results:</b> We included 585 patients (median age 63 [22–95]). Mean PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> was 203 [66–433], whilst mean SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> was 240 [81–471]. We found that P/F ratio could be predicted from S/F ratio, as described by the linear regression equation (P/F = 13.273 + 0.790 × S/F). In addition, we found that SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio significantly correlated with HRCT score and laboratory markers of severity, including IL-6, D-Dimer, and NLR. <b>Conclusions</b>: SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio represents a highly useful resource as a valid surrogate of P/F ratio in patients with COVID pneumonia, also correlating with other biomarkers of severity, such as HRCT score and key laboratory markers.
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spelling doaj-art-53a11d361fbd4938a82dcaf4cec2f2c52025-08-20T03:14:32ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-04-01135107210.3390/biomedicines13051072SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia PatientsAlberto Marra0Vito D’Agnano1Raffaella Pagliaro2Fabio Perrotta3Ilaria Di Fiore4Antonio D’Orologio5Filippo Scialò6Angela Schiattarella7Andrea Bianco8Roberto Parrella9U.O.C. Malattie Infettive ad Indirizzo Respiratorio, Cotugno Hospital, AORN dei Colli, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyU.O.C. Malattie Infettive ad Indirizzo Respiratorio, Cotugno Hospital, AORN dei Colli, 80131 Napoli, Italy<b>Background:</b> In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the estimation of PaO<sub>2</sub> represents the method of choice for monitoring a patient’s oxygenation status and assessing disease severity. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the correlation between SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>, as well as radiological and laboratory biomarkers of severity. <b>Methods:</b> In this monocentric observational, analytical, retrospective large cohort study, consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia from SARS-CoV-2, hospitalized at the Cotugno Hospital—AORN dei Colli—of Naples, between 1 September 2020 and 28 February 2022 were considered for study inclusion. Patients with missing data were excluded. <b>Results:</b> We included 585 patients (median age 63 [22–95]). Mean PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> was 203 [66–433], whilst mean SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> was 240 [81–471]. We found that P/F ratio could be predicted from S/F ratio, as described by the linear regression equation (P/F = 13.273 + 0.790 × S/F). In addition, we found that SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio significantly correlated with HRCT score and laboratory markers of severity, including IL-6, D-Dimer, and NLR. <b>Conclusions</b>: SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio represents a highly useful resource as a valid surrogate of P/F ratio in patients with COVID pneumonia, also correlating with other biomarkers of severity, such as HRCT score and key laboratory markers.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1072SARS-CoV-2COVID-19SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>SF ratioHRCTlaboratory biomarkers
spellingShingle Alberto Marra
Vito D’Agnano
Raffaella Pagliaro
Fabio Perrotta
Ilaria Di Fiore
Antonio D’Orologio
Filippo Scialò
Angela Schiattarella
Andrea Bianco
Roberto Parrella
SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
Biomedicines
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>
SF ratio
HRCT
laboratory biomarkers
title SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
title_full SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
title_fullStr SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
title_full_unstemmed SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
title_short SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> Correlates with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) and Radiological Biomarkers of Severity: A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
title_sort spo sub 2 sub fio sub 2 sub correlates with pao sub 2 sub fio sub 2 sub p f and radiological biomarkers of severity a retrospective study on covid 19 pneumonia patients
topic SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>
SF ratio
HRCT
laboratory biomarkers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1072
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