A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity
Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persists on certain farms despite vaccination and control efforts, with genetic diversity suspected as a contributing factor. This study examined the evolution and persistence dynamics of PRRSV-1 on a farrow-to-fattening...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Porcine Health Management |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-025-00433-w |
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| author | H. Clilverd G. E. Martín-Valls Y. Li I. Domingo-Carreño M. Martín M. Cortey E. Mateu |
| author_facet | H. Clilverd G. E. Martín-Valls Y. Li I. Domingo-Carreño M. Martín M. Cortey E. Mateu |
| author_sort | H. Clilverd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persists on certain farms despite vaccination and control efforts, with genetic diversity suspected as a contributing factor. This study examined the evolution and persistence dynamics of PRRSV-1 on a farrow-to-fattening farm with 1,700 sows vaccinated quarterly, focusing on a summer vaccination lapse. Results Over eight months, three farrowing batches were monitored from birth to nine weeks of age using virological (RT-qPCR, whole-genome, and ORF5 sequencing) and serological (ELISA and neutralizing antibody) analyses. An incident related to elevated temperatures during the summer involving unproper vaccine handling occurred during the last blanket vaccination, before sampling the third batch. Viral circulation was primarily confined to the nurseries, with a notable surge of incidence and mortality in this last batch, linked to lower maternal antibody levels likely due to vaccination failure. Phylogenetic analyses showed the persistence of the same viral strain throughout the study, with increased genetic diversity in Batch 3 driven by selection and recombination. Ultimately, reestablishing the vaccination program led to a PRRSV-positive-stable with vaccination status. Conclusions Overall, a single vaccination lapse caused increased PRRSV-1 incidence and genetic diversity in weaners, linked to declining maternal antibody levels, underscoring the importance of strict vaccination adherence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5396fa2ea10549a387bad2ae2f39bbbe |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2055-5660 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Porcine Health Management |
| spelling | doaj-art-5396fa2ea10549a387bad2ae2f39bbbe2025-08-20T02:15:15ZengBMCPorcine Health Management2055-56602025-05-011111910.1186/s40813-025-00433-wA single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversityH. Clilverd0G. E. Martín-Valls1Y. Li2I. Domingo-Carreño3M. Martín4M. Cortey5E. Mateu6Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaAbstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persists on certain farms despite vaccination and control efforts, with genetic diversity suspected as a contributing factor. This study examined the evolution and persistence dynamics of PRRSV-1 on a farrow-to-fattening farm with 1,700 sows vaccinated quarterly, focusing on a summer vaccination lapse. Results Over eight months, three farrowing batches were monitored from birth to nine weeks of age using virological (RT-qPCR, whole-genome, and ORF5 sequencing) and serological (ELISA and neutralizing antibody) analyses. An incident related to elevated temperatures during the summer involving unproper vaccine handling occurred during the last blanket vaccination, before sampling the third batch. Viral circulation was primarily confined to the nurseries, with a notable surge of incidence and mortality in this last batch, linked to lower maternal antibody levels likely due to vaccination failure. Phylogenetic analyses showed the persistence of the same viral strain throughout the study, with increased genetic diversity in Batch 3 driven by selection and recombination. Ultimately, reestablishing the vaccination program led to a PRRSV-positive-stable with vaccination status. Conclusions Overall, a single vaccination lapse caused increased PRRSV-1 incidence and genetic diversity in weaners, linked to declining maternal antibody levels, underscoring the importance of strict vaccination adherence.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-025-00433-wPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)VaccinationGenetic diversityEvolution |
| spellingShingle | H. Clilverd G. E. Martín-Valls Y. Li I. Domingo-Carreño M. Martín M. Cortey E. Mateu A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity Porcine Health Management Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Vaccination Genetic diversity Evolution |
| title | A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity |
| title_full | A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity |
| title_fullStr | A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity |
| title_short | A single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers PRRSV resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity |
| title_sort | single recall vaccination lapse in sows triggers prrsv resurgence and boosts viral genetic diversity |
| topic | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Vaccination Genetic diversity Evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-025-00433-w |
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