Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study

Background A patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) has been identified as a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Patients with migraine with aura (MA) appear to be at risk for silent brain infarction, which might be related to the presence of a PFO. However, the association bet...

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Main Authors: Roel J. R. Snijder, Justin G. L. M. Luermans, Albert H. de Heij, Vincent Thijs, Wouter J. Schonewille, Alexander Van De Bruaene, Martin J. Swaans, Werner I. H. L. Budts, Martijn C. Post
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2016-12-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.116.003771
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author Roel J. R. Snijder
Justin G. L. M. Luermans
Albert H. de Heij
Vincent Thijs
Wouter J. Schonewille
Alexander Van De Bruaene
Martin J. Swaans
Werner I. H. L. Budts
Martijn C. Post
author_facet Roel J. R. Snijder
Justin G. L. M. Luermans
Albert H. de Heij
Vincent Thijs
Wouter J. Schonewille
Alexander Van De Bruaene
Martin J. Swaans
Werner I. H. L. Budts
Martijn C. Post
author_sort Roel J. R. Snijder
collection DOAJ
description Background A patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) has been identified as a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Patients with migraine with aura (MA) appear to be at risk for silent brain infarction, which might be related to the presence of a PFO. However, the association between MA and PFO with ASA has never been reported. We examined this association in a large observational study. Methods and Results Patients (>18 years) who underwent an agitated saline transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) at our outpatient clinics within a timeframe of 4 years were eligible to be included. Before cTEE they received a validated headache questionnaire. Two neurologists diagnosed migraine with or without aura according to the International Headache Criteria. A total of 889 patients (mean age 56.4±14.3 years, 41.7% women) were included. A PFO was present in 23.2%, an isolated ASA in 2.7%, and a PFO with ASA in 6.9%. The occurrence of migraine was 18.9%; the occurrence of MA was 8.1%. The prevalence of PFO with ASA was significantly higher in patients with MA compared to patients without migraine (18.1% vs 6.1%; OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.86‐7.44, P<0.001). However, a PFO without ASA was not significantly associated with MA (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.79‐2.82, P=0.21). Interestingly, a PFO with ASA was strongly associated with MA (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.23‐5.95, P=0.01). Conclusion In this large observational study, PFO with ASA was significantly associated with MA only. PFO closure studies should focus on this specific intra‐atrial anomaly.
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spelling doaj-art-538e4ba1a1be449ab2e87e580101f6a62025-08-20T03:16:08ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802016-12-0151210.1161/JAHA.116.003771Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational StudyRoel J. R. Snijder0Justin G. L. M. Luermans1Albert H. de Heij2Vincent Thijs3Wouter J. Schonewille4Alexander Van De Bruaene5Martin J. Swaans6Werner I. H. L. Budts7Martijn C. Post8Department of Cardiology St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein The NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine Medical Centre Leeuwarden Leeuwarden The NetherlandsFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Victoria AustraliaDepartment of Neurology St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein The NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiology University Health Network Toronto CanadaDepartment of Cardiology St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein The NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiology University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein The NetherlandsBackground A patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) has been identified as a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Patients with migraine with aura (MA) appear to be at risk for silent brain infarction, which might be related to the presence of a PFO. However, the association between MA and PFO with ASA has never been reported. We examined this association in a large observational study. Methods and Results Patients (>18 years) who underwent an agitated saline transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) at our outpatient clinics within a timeframe of 4 years were eligible to be included. Before cTEE they received a validated headache questionnaire. Two neurologists diagnosed migraine with or without aura according to the International Headache Criteria. A total of 889 patients (mean age 56.4±14.3 years, 41.7% women) were included. A PFO was present in 23.2%, an isolated ASA in 2.7%, and a PFO with ASA in 6.9%. The occurrence of migraine was 18.9%; the occurrence of MA was 8.1%. The prevalence of PFO with ASA was significantly higher in patients with MA compared to patients without migraine (18.1% vs 6.1%; OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.86‐7.44, P<0.001). However, a PFO without ASA was not significantly associated with MA (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.79‐2.82, P=0.21). Interestingly, a PFO with ASA was strongly associated with MA (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.23‐5.95, P=0.01). Conclusion In this large observational study, PFO with ASA was significantly associated with MA only. PFO closure studies should focus on this specific intra‐atrial anomaly.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.116.003771atrial septal aneurysmcerebrovascular disordersechocardiographyheart septal defectmigrainepatent foramen ovale
spellingShingle Roel J. R. Snijder
Justin G. L. M. Luermans
Albert H. de Heij
Vincent Thijs
Wouter J. Schonewille
Alexander Van De Bruaene
Martin J. Swaans
Werner I. H. L. Budts
Martijn C. Post
Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
atrial septal aneurysm
cerebrovascular disorders
echocardiography
heart septal defect
migraine
patent foramen ovale
title Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study
title_full Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study
title_fullStr Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study
title_short Patent Foramen Ovale With Atrial Septal Aneurysm Is Strongly Associated With Migraine With Aura: A Large Observational Study
title_sort patent foramen ovale with atrial septal aneurysm is strongly associated with migraine with aura a large observational study
topic atrial septal aneurysm
cerebrovascular disorders
echocardiography
heart septal defect
migraine
patent foramen ovale
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.116.003771
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