The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides
The detection of pathogen-derived molecules as foreign particles by adaptive immune cells triggers T and B lymphocytes to mount protective cellular and humoral responses, respectively. Recent immunological advances elucidated that proteins and some lipids are the principle biological molecules that...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2010-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/917075 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849405337693585408 |
|---|---|
| author | Tom Li Stephen Laura Groneck Wiltrud Maria Kalka-Moll |
| author_facet | Tom Li Stephen Laura Groneck Wiltrud Maria Kalka-Moll |
| author_sort | Tom Li Stephen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The detection of pathogen-derived molecules as foreign particles by adaptive immune cells triggers T and B lymphocytes to mount protective cellular and humoral responses, respectively. Recent immunological advances elucidated that proteins and some lipids are the principle biological molecules that induce protective T cell responses during microbial infections. Polysaccharides are important components of microbial pathogens and many vaccines. However, research concerning the activation of the adaptive immune system by polysaccharides gained interest only recently. Traditionally, polysaccharides were considered to be T cell-independent antigens that did not directly activate T cells or induce protective immune responses. Here, we review several recent advances in “carbohydrate immunobiology”. A group of bacterial polysaccharides that are known as “zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs)” were recently identified as potent immune modulators. The immunomodulatory effect of ZPSs required antigen processing and presentation by antigen presenting cells, the activation of CD4 T cells and subpopulations of CD8 T cells and the modulation of host cytokine responses. In this review, we also discuss the potential use of these unique immunomodulatory ZPSs in new vaccination strategies against chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, allergies and asthmatic conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-538b28c2e33e4295b075d37b3ddc306b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-918X 1687-9198 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-538b28c2e33e4295b075d37b3ddc306b2025-08-20T03:36:42ZengWileyInternational Journal of Microbiology1687-918X1687-91982010-01-01201010.1155/2010/917075917075The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic PolysaccharidesTom Li Stephen0Laura Groneck1Wiltrud Maria Kalka-Moll2Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Medical Centre, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstraße 19-21, 50935 Cologne, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Medical Centre, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstraße 19-21, 50935 Cologne, GermanyThe detection of pathogen-derived molecules as foreign particles by adaptive immune cells triggers T and B lymphocytes to mount protective cellular and humoral responses, respectively. Recent immunological advances elucidated that proteins and some lipids are the principle biological molecules that induce protective T cell responses during microbial infections. Polysaccharides are important components of microbial pathogens and many vaccines. However, research concerning the activation of the adaptive immune system by polysaccharides gained interest only recently. Traditionally, polysaccharides were considered to be T cell-independent antigens that did not directly activate T cells or induce protective immune responses. Here, we review several recent advances in “carbohydrate immunobiology”. A group of bacterial polysaccharides that are known as “zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs)” were recently identified as potent immune modulators. The immunomodulatory effect of ZPSs required antigen processing and presentation by antigen presenting cells, the activation of CD4 T cells and subpopulations of CD8 T cells and the modulation of host cytokine responses. In this review, we also discuss the potential use of these unique immunomodulatory ZPSs in new vaccination strategies against chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, allergies and asthmatic conditions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/917075 |
| spellingShingle | Tom Li Stephen Laura Groneck Wiltrud Maria Kalka-Moll The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides International Journal of Microbiology |
| title | The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides |
| title_full | The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides |
| title_fullStr | The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides |
| title_short | The Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses by Bacterial Zwitterionic Polysaccharides |
| title_sort | modulation of adaptive immune responses by bacterial zwitterionic polysaccharides |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/917075 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomlistephen themodulationofadaptiveimmuneresponsesbybacterialzwitterionicpolysaccharides AT lauragroneck themodulationofadaptiveimmuneresponsesbybacterialzwitterionicpolysaccharides AT wiltrudmariakalkamoll themodulationofadaptiveimmuneresponsesbybacterialzwitterionicpolysaccharides AT tomlistephen modulationofadaptiveimmuneresponsesbybacterialzwitterionicpolysaccharides AT lauragroneck modulationofadaptiveimmuneresponsesbybacterialzwitterionicpolysaccharides AT wiltrudmariakalkamoll modulationofadaptiveimmuneresponsesbybacterialzwitterionicpolysaccharides |