LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Time synchronization is a crucial element of cooperativity among underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), and it plays an indispensable role in the application of and research into UWASNs. Although plenty of previous studies on time synchronization for UWASNs have been proposed and applied, mos...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Chenyu Zhang Huabing Wu |
| author_facet | Chenyu Zhang Huabing Wu |
| author_sort | Chenyu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Time synchronization is a crucial element of cooperativity among underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), and it plays an indispensable role in the application of and research into UWASNs. Although plenty of previous studies on time synchronization for UWASNs have been proposed and applied, most of them cannot perform well when the nodes have high mobility, and they are characterized by low energy efficiency. Tri-Message is a scheme proposed for networks in high-latency and resource-constrained environments, but it works unsatisfactorily when the nodes are movable. In that case, there is no such scheme for high-speed UWASNs with low energy consumption. Herein, we propose LT-Sync, a lightweight time synchronization scheme for high-speed mobile UWASNs. This adopts a Doppler-shift-estimating method to derive the propagation delay of high-speed UWASNs when the unsynchronized node moves uniformly in a single direction. In addition, an underwater spread-spectrum method is adopted for signal receiving to obtain the accurate Doppler shift. The simulation results show that LT-Sync is more feasible for high-speed UWASNs compared to existing methods and has high energy efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53815c4ef37b46cd8c2c2290a6f159d7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-53815c4ef37b46cd8c2c2290a6f159d72025-08-20T01:48:57ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-03-0113352810.3390/jmse13030528LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor NetworksChenyu Zhang0Huabing Wu1National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710000, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710000, ChinaTime synchronization is a crucial element of cooperativity among underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), and it plays an indispensable role in the application of and research into UWASNs. Although plenty of previous studies on time synchronization for UWASNs have been proposed and applied, most of them cannot perform well when the nodes have high mobility, and they are characterized by low energy efficiency. Tri-Message is a scheme proposed for networks in high-latency and resource-constrained environments, but it works unsatisfactorily when the nodes are movable. In that case, there is no such scheme for high-speed UWASNs with low energy consumption. Herein, we propose LT-Sync, a lightweight time synchronization scheme for high-speed mobile UWASNs. This adopts a Doppler-shift-estimating method to derive the propagation delay of high-speed UWASNs when the unsynchronized node moves uniformly in a single direction. In addition, an underwater spread-spectrum method is adopted for signal receiving to obtain the accurate Doppler shift. The simulation results show that LT-Sync is more feasible for high-speed UWASNs compared to existing methods and has high energy efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/528Doppler shiftspread spectrumtime synchronizationunderwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) |
| spellingShingle | Chenyu Zhang Huabing Wu LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Doppler shift spread spectrum time synchronization underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) |
| title | LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| title_full | LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| title_short | LT-Sync: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Speed Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | lt sync a lightweight time synchronization scheme for high speed mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks |
| topic | Doppler shift spread spectrum time synchronization underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/528 |
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