Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals
Hydrophilic phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, possess important biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, their application is hindered by low membrane permeability, poor chemical stability, and limited skin penetration. Th...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7101 |
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| author | Marta Sharafan Anna Dziki Magdalena Anna Malinowska Elżbieta Sikora Agnieszka Szopa |
| author_facet | Marta Sharafan Anna Dziki Magdalena Anna Malinowska Elżbieta Sikora Agnieszka Szopa |
| author_sort | Marta Sharafan |
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| description | Hydrophilic phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, possess important biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, their application is hindered by low membrane permeability, poor chemical stability, and limited skin penetration. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced delivery strategies aimed at enhancing the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of selected hydrophilic compounds. Specifically, it focuses on the encapsulation of flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin, as well as phenolic acids including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid. The review discusses various nanocarrier systems: liposomes, niosomes, exosomes, and polymeric nanoparticles (e.g., nanocapsules, nanospheres) and compares their structural characteristics, preparation methods, and functional benefits. These delivery systems improve the physicochemical stability of active compounds, enable controlled and targeted release, and enhance skin and cellular absorption. Despite certain challenges related to large-scale production and regulatory constraints, such approaches offer promising solutions for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic application of hydrophilic plant-derived compounds. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-537ef7277fca4cf6a98f356852a25663 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-537ef7277fca4cf6a98f356852a256632025-08-20T02:35:46ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011513710110.3390/app15137101Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic PhytochemicalsMarta Sharafan0Anna Dziki1Magdalena Anna Malinowska2Elżbieta Sikora3Agnieszka Szopa4Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Medicinal Plant and Mushroom Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Cracow, PolandHydrophilic phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, possess important biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, their application is hindered by low membrane permeability, poor chemical stability, and limited skin penetration. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced delivery strategies aimed at enhancing the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of selected hydrophilic compounds. Specifically, it focuses on the encapsulation of flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin, as well as phenolic acids including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid. The review discusses various nanocarrier systems: liposomes, niosomes, exosomes, and polymeric nanoparticles (e.g., nanocapsules, nanospheres) and compares their structural characteristics, preparation methods, and functional benefits. These delivery systems improve the physicochemical stability of active compounds, enable controlled and targeted release, and enhance skin and cellular absorption. Despite certain challenges related to large-scale production and regulatory constraints, such approaches offer promising solutions for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic application of hydrophilic plant-derived compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7101hydrophilic phytochemicalsdelivery systemsliposomesniosomesexosomespolymeric nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Marta Sharafan Anna Dziki Magdalena Anna Malinowska Elżbieta Sikora Agnieszka Szopa Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals Applied Sciences hydrophilic phytochemicals delivery systems liposomes niosomes exosomes polymeric nanoparticles |
| title | Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals |
| title_full | Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals |
| title_fullStr | Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals |
| title_short | Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals |
| title_sort | targeted delivery strategies for hydrophilic phytochemicals |
| topic | hydrophilic phytochemicals delivery systems liposomes niosomes exosomes polymeric nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7101 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT martasharafan targeteddeliverystrategiesforhydrophilicphytochemicals AT annadziki targeteddeliverystrategiesforhydrophilicphytochemicals AT magdalenaannamalinowska targeteddeliverystrategiesforhydrophilicphytochemicals AT elzbietasikora targeteddeliverystrategiesforhydrophilicphytochemicals AT agnieszkaszopa targeteddeliverystrategiesforhydrophilicphytochemicals |