Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study

Objective: Despite being the leading contributor to global mortality, cardiovascular diseases remain undetected in many individuals at-risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of individuals with unrecognised cardiovascular risk factors among all-comers in community pharmacies. Met...

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Main Authors: Thorsten Bischof, Viktoria Mair, Alexander Schmidt-Ilsinger, Philipp Saiko, Susanne Ergott-Badawi, Bernd Jilma, Stefan Deibl, Christian Schoergenhofer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Preventive Medicine Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525002487
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author Thorsten Bischof
Viktoria Mair
Alexander Schmidt-Ilsinger
Philipp Saiko
Susanne Ergott-Badawi
Bernd Jilma
Stefan Deibl
Christian Schoergenhofer
author_facet Thorsten Bischof
Viktoria Mair
Alexander Schmidt-Ilsinger
Philipp Saiko
Susanne Ergott-Badawi
Bernd Jilma
Stefan Deibl
Christian Schoergenhofer
author_sort Thorsten Bischof
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Despite being the leading contributor to global mortality, cardiovascular diseases remain undetected in many individuals at-risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of individuals with unrecognised cardiovascular risk factors among all-comers in community pharmacies. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in 47 Viennese community pharmacies between November 1, and December 31, 2024, screened adults for cardiovascular risk factors using point-of-care testing (HbA1c, lipid profile) and the age-appropriate Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2. An optional follow-up after three months assessed whether medical referral occurred and pharmacotherapy was initiated or changed. Patients treated for diabetes or hyperlipidaemia were excluded. Results: Among 445 individuals, 51 % were identified with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Of these, 151 agreed to participate in the follow-up, in which 66 % were successfully contacted. The respondents reported an attendance rate of 57 % and 43 % received new or modified pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: Community pharmacy-based screening proved effective, identifying numerous previously undiagnosed individuals with increased cardiovascular risk, which is especially remarkable within a comprehensive healthcare system. However, follow-up rates remained low, indicating a gap between risk detection and medical action. A stronger integration of screening interventions with primary care and follow-up pathways with medical institutions may enhance the effectiveness.
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spelling doaj-art-5378f58d27a4453c9470e880e1e4bb722025-08-23T04:48:16ZengElsevierPreventive Medicine Reports2211-33552025-09-015710320910.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103209Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional studyThorsten Bischof0Viktoria Mair1Alexander Schmidt-Ilsinger2Philipp Saiko3Susanne Ergott-Badawi4Bernd Jilma5Stefan Deibl6Christian Schoergenhofer7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaAustrian Chamber of Pharmacists, Vienna, AustriaAustrian Chamber of Pharmacists, Vienna, AustriaAustrian Chamber of Pharmacists, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaAustrian Chamber of Pharmacists, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.Objective: Despite being the leading contributor to global mortality, cardiovascular diseases remain undetected in many individuals at-risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of individuals with unrecognised cardiovascular risk factors among all-comers in community pharmacies. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in 47 Viennese community pharmacies between November 1, and December 31, 2024, screened adults for cardiovascular risk factors using point-of-care testing (HbA1c, lipid profile) and the age-appropriate Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2. An optional follow-up after three months assessed whether medical referral occurred and pharmacotherapy was initiated or changed. Patients treated for diabetes or hyperlipidaemia were excluded. Results: Among 445 individuals, 51 % were identified with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Of these, 151 agreed to participate in the follow-up, in which 66 % were successfully contacted. The respondents reported an attendance rate of 57 % and 43 % received new or modified pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: Community pharmacy-based screening proved effective, identifying numerous previously undiagnosed individuals with increased cardiovascular risk, which is especially remarkable within a comprehensive healthcare system. However, follow-up rates remained low, indicating a gap between risk detection and medical action. A stronger integration of screening interventions with primary care and follow-up pathways with medical institutions may enhance the effectiveness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525002487Primary health careCardiovascular riskPoint-of-care testingScreeningCommunity pharmacy
spellingShingle Thorsten Bischof
Viktoria Mair
Alexander Schmidt-Ilsinger
Philipp Saiko
Susanne Ergott-Badawi
Bernd Jilma
Stefan Deibl
Christian Schoergenhofer
Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
Preventive Medicine Reports
Primary health care
Cardiovascular risk
Point-of-care testing
Screening
Community pharmacy
title Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
title_full Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
title_short Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
title_sort point of care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in viennese community pharmacies a cross sectional study
topic Primary health care
Cardiovascular risk
Point-of-care testing
Screening
Community pharmacy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525002487
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