Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices

The growing demand for sustainable and nutrient-rich food sources has positioned macroalgae as a promising alternative for food product development. This study investigates the extraction and characterization of hydrocolloids from three red macroalgae species (<i>Chondrus crispus</i>, &l...

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Main Authors: Filipe Vinagre, Maria João Alegria, Andreia Sousa Ferreira, Cláudia Nunes, Maria Cristiana Nunes, Anabela Raymundo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Gels
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/4/290
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author Filipe Vinagre
Maria João Alegria
Andreia Sousa Ferreira
Cláudia Nunes
Maria Cristiana Nunes
Anabela Raymundo
author_facet Filipe Vinagre
Maria João Alegria
Andreia Sousa Ferreira
Cláudia Nunes
Maria Cristiana Nunes
Anabela Raymundo
author_sort Filipe Vinagre
collection DOAJ
description The growing demand for sustainable and nutrient-rich food sources has positioned macroalgae as a promising alternative for food product development. This study investigates the extraction and characterization of hydrocolloids from three red macroalgae species (<i>Chondrus crispus</i>, <i>Gracilaria gracilis</i>, and <i>Gelidium corneum</i>) using water bath (WB), ultrasound (US), and hybrid ultrasound–water bath (USWB) treatments for 45 and 60 min. The physicochemical properties of the extracts, including rheological behavior, particle size distribution, antioxidant activity, and texture, were assessed. The results show that <i>C. crispus</i> produced the firmest gels due to its high carrageenan content, with WB and USWB treatments yielding the most stable gel structures. In contrast, <i>G. gracilis</i> and <i>G. corneum</i> exhibited lower gel strength, consistent with their agar composition. WB-treated samples demonstrated superior antioxidant retention, while US treatment was more effective in preserving color stability. The findings highlight macroalgae as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional hydrocolloids, reinforcing their potential as natural gelling agents, thickeners, and stabilizers for the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study provides a comparative evaluation of WB, US, and USWB extraction methods, offering insights into optimizing hydrocolloid extraction for enhanced functionality and sustainability.
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issn 2310-2861
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-536cfaeb1a184b1693ea39f906df6dc22025-08-20T03:13:49ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-04-0111429010.3390/gels11040290Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled MatricesFilipe Vinagre0Maria João Alegria1Andreia Sousa Ferreira2Cláudia Nunes3Maria Cristiana Nunes4Anabela Raymundo5LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalThe growing demand for sustainable and nutrient-rich food sources has positioned macroalgae as a promising alternative for food product development. This study investigates the extraction and characterization of hydrocolloids from three red macroalgae species (<i>Chondrus crispus</i>, <i>Gracilaria gracilis</i>, and <i>Gelidium corneum</i>) using water bath (WB), ultrasound (US), and hybrid ultrasound–water bath (USWB) treatments for 45 and 60 min. The physicochemical properties of the extracts, including rheological behavior, particle size distribution, antioxidant activity, and texture, were assessed. The results show that <i>C. crispus</i> produced the firmest gels due to its high carrageenan content, with WB and USWB treatments yielding the most stable gel structures. In contrast, <i>G. gracilis</i> and <i>G. corneum</i> exhibited lower gel strength, consistent with their agar composition. WB-treated samples demonstrated superior antioxidant retention, while US treatment was more effective in preserving color stability. The findings highlight macroalgae as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional hydrocolloids, reinforcing their potential as natural gelling agents, thickeners, and stabilizers for the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study provides a comparative evaluation of WB, US, and USWB extraction methods, offering insights into optimizing hydrocolloid extraction for enhanced functionality and sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/4/290macroalgaehydrocolloidsgreen extractionrheological propertiesfood hydrocolloids
spellingShingle Filipe Vinagre
Maria João Alegria
Andreia Sousa Ferreira
Cláudia Nunes
Maria Cristiana Nunes
Anabela Raymundo
Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices
Gels
macroalgae
hydrocolloids
green extraction
rheological properties
food hydrocolloids
title Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices
title_full Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices
title_fullStr Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices
title_short Characterization and Gelling Potential of Macroalgae Extracts Obtained Through Eco-Friendly Technologies for Food-Grade Gelled Matrices
title_sort characterization and gelling potential of macroalgae extracts obtained through eco friendly technologies for food grade gelled matrices
topic macroalgae
hydrocolloids
green extraction
rheological properties
food hydrocolloids
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/4/290
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