Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
The present study investigated the concentrations, sources, and potential health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in house dust from residences in Samoeng District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Samples of house dust from 48 households were analyzed for 16 PAHs. The total...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Teetawat Santijitpakdee Surat Hongsibsong Kongsak Boonyapranai Kanokwan Kulprachakarn Wason Parklak Sakaewan Ounjaijean Sawaeng Kawichai |
| author_facet | Teetawat Santijitpakdee Surat Hongsibsong Kongsak Boonyapranai Kanokwan Kulprachakarn Wason Parklak Sakaewan Ounjaijean Sawaeng Kawichai |
| author_sort | Teetawat Santijitpakdee |
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| description | The present study investigated the concentrations, sources, and potential health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in house dust from residences in Samoeng District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Samples of house dust from 48 households were analyzed for 16 PAHs. The total concentrations of PAHs (ΣPAHs) ranged between 270.1 to 45,386.8 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, with a mean of 3942.4 ± 8175.1 ng g<sup>−1</sup>. Pyrene (Pyr), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IcdP) were the predominant compounds. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) showed wood and the burning of biomass as the predominant sources. Evaluations of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) showed higher risks, especially for children (average ILCR = 6.57 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), with dermal contact as the main exposed pathway. Risks exceeded acceptable criteria (10<sup>−6</sup> to 10<sup>−4</sup>), suggesting serious public health problems. The results highlight the significance of pollution mitigation measures, such as reducing the use of biomass combustion and improving indoor air quality, for protecting vulnerable populations in rural regions. The research conducted presents important insights into the environmental health impacts of PAHs in residences and shows the importance of public health procedures that can reduce exposure. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-53603dc17fa543d8b42fd4bd095f7a762025-08-20T03:11:30ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-011511185510.3390/buildings15111855Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, ThailandTeetawat Santijitpakdee0Surat Hongsibsong1Kongsak Boonyapranai2Kanokwan Kulprachakarn3Wason Parklak4Sakaewan Ounjaijean5Sawaeng Kawichai6Research Center for Non-Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandSchool of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Center for Non-Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandSchool of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Center for Non-Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandSchool of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Center for Non-Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandThe present study investigated the concentrations, sources, and potential health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in house dust from residences in Samoeng District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Samples of house dust from 48 households were analyzed for 16 PAHs. The total concentrations of PAHs (ΣPAHs) ranged between 270.1 to 45,386.8 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, with a mean of 3942.4 ± 8175.1 ng g<sup>−1</sup>. Pyrene (Pyr), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IcdP) were the predominant compounds. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) showed wood and the burning of biomass as the predominant sources. Evaluations of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) showed higher risks, especially for children (average ILCR = 6.57 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), with dermal contact as the main exposed pathway. Risks exceeded acceptable criteria (10<sup>−6</sup> to 10<sup>−4</sup>), suggesting serious public health problems. The results highlight the significance of pollution mitigation measures, such as reducing the use of biomass combustion and improving indoor air quality, for protecting vulnerable populations in rural regions. The research conducted presents important insights into the environmental health impacts of PAHs in residences and shows the importance of public health procedures that can reduce exposure.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1855house dustPAHsPAHs sources apportionmentrisk assessmentILCR |
| spellingShingle | Teetawat Santijitpakdee Surat Hongsibsong Kongsak Boonyapranai Kanokwan Kulprachakarn Wason Parklak Sakaewan Ounjaijean Sawaeng Kawichai Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand Buildings house dust PAHs PAHs sources apportionment risk assessment ILCR |
| title | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
| title_full | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
| title_short | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Household Dusts: Distribution, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment from Rural Areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
| title_sort | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in household dusts distribution sources and health risk assessment from rural areas in chiang mai province thailand |
| topic | house dust PAHs PAHs sources apportionment risk assessment ILCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1855 |
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