Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model

The study used the DSSAT model to assess potential soybean yields in different regions of India and validated it under diverse agroecological conditions. The average simulated yield under irrigated conditions was 3794 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> relative to the simulated average rainfed yield of...

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Main Authors: Raghavendra Nargund, Virender S. Bhatia, Nishant K. Sinha, Monoranjan Mohanty, Somasundaram Jayaraman, Yash P. Dang, Vennampally Nataraj, Darren Drewry, Ram C. Dalal
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/9/1929
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author Raghavendra Nargund
Virender S. Bhatia
Nishant K. Sinha
Monoranjan Mohanty
Somasundaram Jayaraman
Yash P. Dang
Vennampally Nataraj
Darren Drewry
Ram C. Dalal
author_facet Raghavendra Nargund
Virender S. Bhatia
Nishant K. Sinha
Monoranjan Mohanty
Somasundaram Jayaraman
Yash P. Dang
Vennampally Nataraj
Darren Drewry
Ram C. Dalal
author_sort Raghavendra Nargund
collection DOAJ
description The study used the DSSAT model to assess potential soybean yields in different regions of India and validated it under diverse agroecological conditions. The average simulated yield under irrigated conditions was 3794 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> relative to the simulated average rainfed yield of 2446 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, showing a 35.52% reduction in grain yield due to adverse moisture conditions under rainfed conditions. Relative to simulated yield, the average observed (actual) rainfed yield across 43 districts of India was 1025 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 2769 and 1421 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> lower than irrigated and rainfed potential yield, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between simulated water non-limited yield and solar radiation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.55, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The simulated rainfed grain yield (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.66, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) had a significant, positive, and curvilinear relationship with growing season rainfall. On the other hand, the actual yield (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.008) showed a non-significant relationship with mean crop seasonal rainfall across locations. The gap between simulated yield under irrigated and rainfed conditions is huge at locations with low seasonal rainfall and narrows with increasing rainfall. In addition, the gap between actual yield and simulated yield under rainfed conditions was larger, even in high seasonal rainfall areas. The yield gap under rainfed conditions is due to the non-adoption of improved crop management practices and could be reduced with proper interventions. This includes adapting drought-resistant varieties, conserving rainwater, changing land configuration, and adopting waterlogging-tolerant varieties using improved technology to reduce the soybean yield gap.
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spelling doaj-art-535085e622f84ac8a3a261cfa3c788262025-08-20T01:56:02ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-08-01149192910.3390/agronomy14091929Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT ModelRaghavendra Nargund0Virender S. Bhatia1Nishant K. Sinha2Monoranjan Mohanty3Somasundaram Jayaraman4Yash P. Dang5Vennampally Nataraj6Darren Drewry7Ram C. Dalal8ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, IndiaICAR-IISWC, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam 643006, IndiaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, IndiaDepartment of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USASchool of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaThe study used the DSSAT model to assess potential soybean yields in different regions of India and validated it under diverse agroecological conditions. The average simulated yield under irrigated conditions was 3794 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> relative to the simulated average rainfed yield of 2446 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, showing a 35.52% reduction in grain yield due to adverse moisture conditions under rainfed conditions. Relative to simulated yield, the average observed (actual) rainfed yield across 43 districts of India was 1025 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 2769 and 1421 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> lower than irrigated and rainfed potential yield, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between simulated water non-limited yield and solar radiation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.55, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The simulated rainfed grain yield (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.66, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) had a significant, positive, and curvilinear relationship with growing season rainfall. On the other hand, the actual yield (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.008) showed a non-significant relationship with mean crop seasonal rainfall across locations. The gap between simulated yield under irrigated and rainfed conditions is huge at locations with low seasonal rainfall and narrows with increasing rainfall. In addition, the gap between actual yield and simulated yield under rainfed conditions was larger, even in high seasonal rainfall areas. The yield gap under rainfed conditions is due to the non-adoption of improved crop management practices and could be reduced with proper interventions. This includes adapting drought-resistant varieties, conserving rainwater, changing land configuration, and adopting waterlogging-tolerant varieties using improved technology to reduce the soybean yield gap.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/9/1929actual yieldwater non-limiting yield potentialwater limiting yield potentialyield gapDSSAT model
spellingShingle Raghavendra Nargund
Virender S. Bhatia
Nishant K. Sinha
Monoranjan Mohanty
Somasundaram Jayaraman
Yash P. Dang
Vennampally Nataraj
Darren Drewry
Ram C. Dalal
Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model
Agronomy
actual yield
water non-limiting yield potential
water limiting yield potential
yield gap
DSSAT model
title Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model
title_full Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model
title_fullStr Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model
title_short Assessing Soybean Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Different Agroecological Regions of India Using the DSSAT Model
title_sort assessing soybean yield potential and yield gap in different agroecological regions of india using the dssat model
topic actual yield
water non-limiting yield potential
water limiting yield potential
yield gap
DSSAT model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/9/1929
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