Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis

ABSTRACT Parental feeding styles are an important factor influencing child development. Traditionally, they have been classified into four styles based on cut‐off points for responsiveness and demandingness. However, alternative methods, such as latent class analysis (LCA), allow for the detection o...

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Main Authors: Mar Lozano‐Casanova, Silvia Escribano, Isabel Sospedra, Antonio Oliver‐Roig, Miguel Richart‐Martinez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Maternal and Child Nutrition
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13799
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author Mar Lozano‐Casanova
Silvia Escribano
Isabel Sospedra
Antonio Oliver‐Roig
Miguel Richart‐Martinez
author_facet Mar Lozano‐Casanova
Silvia Escribano
Isabel Sospedra
Antonio Oliver‐Roig
Miguel Richart‐Martinez
author_sort Mar Lozano‐Casanova
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Parental feeding styles are an important factor influencing child development. Traditionally, they have been classified into four styles based on cut‐off points for responsiveness and demandingness. However, alternative methods, such as latent class analysis (LCA), allow for the detection of underlying homogeneous populations. The aims of this study are to: (a) identify different parental feeding styles in a Spanish sample using LCA; (b) explore the characteristics of the classes of different parenting styles, taking into account sociodemographic and psychological variables; and (c) compare the classification of parental feeding styles by assessment method: LCA versus the median split cut‐off point to determine high and low levels for each dimension. A cross‐sectional study (n = 774, including fathers and mothers of toddlers) was conducted to perform a one‐step LCA with covariates, using items that assess the demandingness and responsiveness feeding dimensions. Cross‐tabulations were performed to compare the use of LCA versus the median cut‐off point for assessing parental feeding styles/patterns. Four different patterns emerged from the LCA, characterised by high or moderate scores for responsiveness and varying scores for demandingness. These were labelled as the Moderately Authoritative, Authoritative, Moderate, and Indulgent classes. Mothers were more likely to belong to the Indulgent class, and high levels of parental stress increased the likelihood of parents belonging to the Moderate class. The classification of participants was not consistent between the two methods. Authoritarian and uninvolved feeding behaviours were not detected using LCA. In conclusion, gender and parental stress were factors that may help to explain the distribution of parents across feeding styles. These variables should therefore be considered when studying different populations. Furthermore, LCA could be utilised to design more accurate intervention strategies by helping to identify common needs among parents.
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spelling doaj-art-53495a4381354402afae1dae1fb4d8d52025-08-20T03:06:32ZengWileyMaternal and Child Nutrition1740-86951740-87092025-04-01212n/an/a10.1111/mcn.13799Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class AnalysisMar Lozano‐Casanova0Silvia Escribano1Isabel Sospedra2Antonio Oliver‐Roig3Miguel Richart‐Martinez4Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Alicante San Vicente del Raspeig SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Alicante San Vicente del Raspeig SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Alicante San Vicente del Raspeig SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Alicante San Vicente del Raspeig SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Alicante San Vicente del Raspeig SpainABSTRACT Parental feeding styles are an important factor influencing child development. Traditionally, they have been classified into four styles based on cut‐off points for responsiveness and demandingness. However, alternative methods, such as latent class analysis (LCA), allow for the detection of underlying homogeneous populations. The aims of this study are to: (a) identify different parental feeding styles in a Spanish sample using LCA; (b) explore the characteristics of the classes of different parenting styles, taking into account sociodemographic and psychological variables; and (c) compare the classification of parental feeding styles by assessment method: LCA versus the median split cut‐off point to determine high and low levels for each dimension. A cross‐sectional study (n = 774, including fathers and mothers of toddlers) was conducted to perform a one‐step LCA with covariates, using items that assess the demandingness and responsiveness feeding dimensions. Cross‐tabulations were performed to compare the use of LCA versus the median cut‐off point for assessing parental feeding styles/patterns. Four different patterns emerged from the LCA, characterised by high or moderate scores for responsiveness and varying scores for demandingness. These were labelled as the Moderately Authoritative, Authoritative, Moderate, and Indulgent classes. Mothers were more likely to belong to the Indulgent class, and high levels of parental stress increased the likelihood of parents belonging to the Moderate class. The classification of participants was not consistent between the two methods. Authoritarian and uninvolved feeding behaviours were not detected using LCA. In conclusion, gender and parental stress were factors that may help to explain the distribution of parents across feeding styles. These variables should therefore be considered when studying different populations. Furthermore, LCA could be utilised to design more accurate intervention strategies by helping to identify common needs among parents.https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13799feeding patternsfeeding styleslatent class analysisparentsperson‐centred approach
spellingShingle Mar Lozano‐Casanova
Silvia Escribano
Isabel Sospedra
Antonio Oliver‐Roig
Miguel Richart‐Martinez
Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis
Maternal and Child Nutrition
feeding patterns
feeding styles
latent class analysis
parents
person‐centred approach
title Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis
title_full Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis
title_fullStr Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis
title_short Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis
title_sort identifying parental feeding patterns in a spanish sample of toddlers using a latent class analysis
topic feeding patterns
feeding styles
latent class analysis
parents
person‐centred approach
url https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13799
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