Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River
The present study evaluated the spatial variations of surface water quality in a tropical river using multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty physicochemical parameters were measured at 30 stations along the Batang Baram and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5737452 |
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| author | Teck-Yee Ling Chen-Lin Soo Jing-Jing Liew Lee Nyanti Siong-Fong Sim Jongkar Grinang |
| author_facet | Teck-Yee Ling Chen-Lin Soo Jing-Jing Liew Lee Nyanti Siong-Fong Sim Jongkar Grinang |
| author_sort | Teck-Yee Ling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study evaluated the spatial variations of surface water quality in a tropical river using multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty physicochemical parameters were measured at 30 stations along the Batang Baram and its tributaries. The water quality of the Batang Baram was categorized as “slightly polluted” where the chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were the most deteriorated parameters. The CA grouped the 30 stations into four clusters which shared similar characteristics within the same cluster, representing the upstream, middle, and downstream regions of the main river and the tributaries from the middle to downstream regions of the river. The PCA has determined a reduced number of six principal components that explained 83.6% of the data set variance. The first PC indicated that the total suspended solids, turbidity, and hydrogen sulphide were the dominant polluting factors which is attributed to the logging activities, followed by the five-day biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen in the second PC which are related to the discharges from domestic wastewater. The components also imply that logging activities are the major anthropogenic activities responsible for water quality variations in the Batang Baram when compared to the domestic wastewater discharge. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53340c6bdc1048f088e961c8bfe66279 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-53340c6bdc1048f088e961c8bfe662792025-02-03T01:12:07ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712017-01-01201710.1155/2017/57374525737452Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical RiverTeck-Yee Ling0Chen-Lin Soo1Jing-Jing Liew2Lee Nyanti3Siong-Fong Sim4Jongkar Grinang5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaInstitute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaThe present study evaluated the spatial variations of surface water quality in a tropical river using multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty physicochemical parameters were measured at 30 stations along the Batang Baram and its tributaries. The water quality of the Batang Baram was categorized as “slightly polluted” where the chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were the most deteriorated parameters. The CA grouped the 30 stations into four clusters which shared similar characteristics within the same cluster, representing the upstream, middle, and downstream regions of the main river and the tributaries from the middle to downstream regions of the river. The PCA has determined a reduced number of six principal components that explained 83.6% of the data set variance. The first PC indicated that the total suspended solids, turbidity, and hydrogen sulphide were the dominant polluting factors which is attributed to the logging activities, followed by the five-day biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen in the second PC which are related to the discharges from domestic wastewater. The components also imply that logging activities are the major anthropogenic activities responsible for water quality variations in the Batang Baram when compared to the domestic wastewater discharge.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5737452 |
| spellingShingle | Teck-Yee Ling Chen-Lin Soo Jing-Jing Liew Lee Nyanti Siong-Fong Sim Jongkar Grinang Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River |
| title_full | Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River |
| title_fullStr | Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River |
| title_short | Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River |
| title_sort | application of multivariate statistical analysis in evaluation of surface river water quality of a tropical river |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5737452 |
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