Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform

IntroductionIdentity verification plays a crucial role in modern society, with applications spanning from online services to security systems. As the need for robust automatic authentication systems increases, various methodologies—software, hardware, and biometric—have been developed. Among these,...

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Main Authors: Sajjad Maleki Lonbar, Akram Beigi, Nasour Bagheri, Pedro Peris-Lopez, Carmen Camara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Digital Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2024.1463713/full
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author Sajjad Maleki Lonbar
Akram Beigi
Nasour Bagheri
Nasour Bagheri
Pedro Peris-Lopez
Carmen Camara
author_facet Sajjad Maleki Lonbar
Akram Beigi
Nasour Bagheri
Nasour Bagheri
Pedro Peris-Lopez
Carmen Camara
author_sort Sajjad Maleki Lonbar
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionIdentity verification plays a crucial role in modern society, with applications spanning from online services to security systems. As the need for robust automatic authentication systems increases, various methodologies—software, hardware, and biometric—have been developed. Among these, biometric modalities have gained significant attention due to their high accuracy and resistance to falsification. This paper focuses on utilizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for identity verification, capitalizing on their unique, individualized characteristics.MethodsIn this study, we propose a novel identity verification framework based on ECG signals. Notable datasets, such as the NSRDB and MITDB, are employed to evaluate the performance of the system. These datasets, however, contain inherent noise, which necessitates preprocessing. The proposed framework involves two main steps: (1) signal cleansing to remove noise and (2) transforming the signals into the frequency domain for feature extraction. This is achieved by applying the Wigner-Ville distribution, which converts ECG signals into image data. Each image captures unique cardiac signal information of the individual, ensuring distinction in a noise-free environment. For recognition, deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are applied. The GoogleNet architecture is selected for its effectiveness in processing complex image data, and is used for both training and testing the system.ResultsThe identity verification model achieved impressive results across two benchmark datasets. For the NSRDB dataset, the model achieved an accuracy of 99.3% and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.8%. Similarly, for the MITDB dataset, the model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.004% and an EER of 0.8%. These results indicate that the proposed framework offers superior performance in comparison to alternative biometric authentication methods.DiscussionThe outcomes of this study highlight the effectiveness of using ECG signals for identity verification, particularly in terms of accuracy and robustness against noise. The proposed framework, leveraging the Wigner-Ville distribution and GoogleNet architecture, demonstrates the potential of deep learning techniques in biometric authentication. The results from the NSRDB and MITDB datasets reflect the high reliability of the model, with exceptionally low error rates. This approach could be extended to other biometric modalities or combined with additional layers of security to enhance its practical applications. Furthermore, future research could explore additional preprocessing techniques or alternative deep learning architectures to further improve the performance of ECG-based identity verification systems.
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spelling doaj-art-532dcfc35ef8436da39bb697c3efec802025-08-20T01:57:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Digital Health2673-253X2024-12-01610.3389/fdgth.2024.14637131463713Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transformSajjad Maleki Lonbar0Akram Beigi1Nasour Bagheri2Nasour Bagheri3Pedro Peris-Lopez4Carmen Camara5CPS2 Lab, Department of Communication, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranDepartment of AI, Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranCPS2 Lab, Department of Communication, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranSchool of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, IranComputer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Getafe, SpainComputer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Getafe, SpainIntroductionIdentity verification plays a crucial role in modern society, with applications spanning from online services to security systems. As the need for robust automatic authentication systems increases, various methodologies—software, hardware, and biometric—have been developed. Among these, biometric modalities have gained significant attention due to their high accuracy and resistance to falsification. This paper focuses on utilizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for identity verification, capitalizing on their unique, individualized characteristics.MethodsIn this study, we propose a novel identity verification framework based on ECG signals. Notable datasets, such as the NSRDB and MITDB, are employed to evaluate the performance of the system. These datasets, however, contain inherent noise, which necessitates preprocessing. The proposed framework involves two main steps: (1) signal cleansing to remove noise and (2) transforming the signals into the frequency domain for feature extraction. This is achieved by applying the Wigner-Ville distribution, which converts ECG signals into image data. Each image captures unique cardiac signal information of the individual, ensuring distinction in a noise-free environment. For recognition, deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are applied. The GoogleNet architecture is selected for its effectiveness in processing complex image data, and is used for both training and testing the system.ResultsThe identity verification model achieved impressive results across two benchmark datasets. For the NSRDB dataset, the model achieved an accuracy of 99.3% and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.8%. Similarly, for the MITDB dataset, the model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.004% and an EER of 0.8%. These results indicate that the proposed framework offers superior performance in comparison to alternative biometric authentication methods.DiscussionThe outcomes of this study highlight the effectiveness of using ECG signals for identity verification, particularly in terms of accuracy and robustness against noise. The proposed framework, leveraging the Wigner-Ville distribution and GoogleNet architecture, demonstrates the potential of deep learning techniques in biometric authentication. The results from the NSRDB and MITDB datasets reflect the high reliability of the model, with exceptionally low error rates. This approach could be extended to other biometric modalities or combined with additional layers of security to enhance its practical applications. Furthermore, future research could explore additional preprocessing techniques or alternative deep learning architectures to further improve the performance of ECG-based identity verification systems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2024.1463713/fullidentity authenticationECG signalWigner-Ville distributionconvolutional neural networks (CNNs)GoogleNet architecturesignal preprocessing
spellingShingle Sajjad Maleki Lonbar
Akram Beigi
Nasour Bagheri
Nasour Bagheri
Pedro Peris-Lopez
Carmen Camara
Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform
Frontiers in Digital Health
identity authentication
ECG signal
Wigner-Ville distribution
convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
GoogleNet architecture
signal preprocessing
title Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform
title_full Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform
title_fullStr Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform
title_full_unstemmed Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform
title_short Deep learning based bio-metric authentication system using a high temporal/frequency resolution transform
title_sort deep learning based bio metric authentication system using a high temporal frequency resolution transform
topic identity authentication
ECG signal
Wigner-Ville distribution
convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
GoogleNet architecture
signal preprocessing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2024.1463713/full
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