OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication
In the dynamic landscape of the tech industry, the escalating requirement for swift and secure data transmission has catalyzed innovation in integrated communication systems. Free-Space Optics (FSOs) has emerged as a promising contender in optical communications. While conventional optical fiber sys...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7797 |
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| author | Parveen Bajaj Aman Kataria Vikram Puri Sachin Gupta Hong Min |
| author_facet | Parveen Bajaj Aman Kataria Vikram Puri Sachin Gupta Hong Min |
| author_sort | Parveen Bajaj |
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| description | In the dynamic landscape of the tech industry, the escalating requirement for swift and secure data transmission has catalyzed innovation in integrated communication systems. Free-Space Optics (FSOs) has emerged as a promising contender in optical communications. While conventional optical fiber systems can achieve bit rates of up to 40 Gbps with proper design, they are limited primarily by electronics rather than semiconductor laser capabilities. This study presents an integrated framework that combines FSOs, blockchain technology, and sensor networks to address challenges in data transmission, security, and environmental adaptation. This study analyzes FSOs system performance through the Quality (Q) Factor and Bit Error Rate (BER), comparing systems with and without Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) across various bit rates (8, 12, 16, and 20 Gbps) and transmission distances (5–25 km). To enhance data security and reliability, a blockchain architecture is incorporated with smart contracts and an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for storing and validating results generated from FSOs simulation. Additionally, this study explores the design of sensor network models for FSOs technology by investigating how distributed sensor arrays can be theoretically integrated with FSOs systems, with testing focused on FSOs performance and blockchain implementation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-531b1b3b234d4b34a08b34f4073d4c7a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-531b1b3b234d4b34a08b34f4073d4c7a2025-08-20T02:38:48ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012423779710.3390/s24237797OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical CommunicationParveen Bajaj0Aman Kataria1Vikram Puri2Sachin Gupta3Hong Min4University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, IndiaUniversity Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, IndiaSchool of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, VietnamDepartment of Robotics and Control, School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, IndiaSchool of Computing, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaIn the dynamic landscape of the tech industry, the escalating requirement for swift and secure data transmission has catalyzed innovation in integrated communication systems. Free-Space Optics (FSOs) has emerged as a promising contender in optical communications. While conventional optical fiber systems can achieve bit rates of up to 40 Gbps with proper design, they are limited primarily by electronics rather than semiconductor laser capabilities. This study presents an integrated framework that combines FSOs, blockchain technology, and sensor networks to address challenges in data transmission, security, and environmental adaptation. This study analyzes FSOs system performance through the Quality (Q) Factor and Bit Error Rate (BER), comparing systems with and without Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) across various bit rates (8, 12, 16, and 20 Gbps) and transmission distances (5–25 km). To enhance data security and reliability, a blockchain architecture is incorporated with smart contracts and an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for storing and validating results generated from FSOs simulation. Additionally, this study explores the design of sensor network models for FSOs technology by investigating how distributed sensor arrays can be theoretically integrated with FSOs systems, with testing focused on FSOs performance and blockchain implementation.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7797sensor networkfree-space optical communicationBEROptiSystemEDFAblockchain |
| spellingShingle | Parveen Bajaj Aman Kataria Vikram Puri Sachin Gupta Hong Min OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication Sensors sensor network free-space optical communication BER OptiSystem EDFA blockchain |
| title | OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication |
| title_full | OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication |
| title_fullStr | OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication |
| title_full_unstemmed | OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication |
| title_short | OpticalTrust: A Sensor-to-Blockchain Framework Using Free-Space Optical Communication |
| title_sort | opticaltrust a sensor to blockchain framework using free space optical communication |
| topic | sensor network free-space optical communication BER OptiSystem EDFA blockchain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7797 |
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