Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod
This study investigates the preparation of a high-performance Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A coating on 45# steel through laser cladding technology. The microstructure, residual stress, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the coating are analyzed. The resul...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/93 |
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| author | Jiafei Pu Viacheslav Tarelnyk Yao Ju Bondarev Sergii Grigorievicth Xingrong Wang Qi Dong Hongfeng Wang Weiwei Song |
| author_facet | Jiafei Pu Viacheslav Tarelnyk Yao Ju Bondarev Sergii Grigorievicth Xingrong Wang Qi Dong Hongfeng Wang Weiwei Song |
| author_sort | Jiafei Pu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the preparation of a high-performance Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A coating on 45# steel through laser cladding technology. The microstructure, residual stress, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the coating are analyzed. The results reveal that the solidification structure of the molten pool exhibits a progression from coarse columnar crystals and dendrites near the interface with the substrate to equiaxial crystals at the coating surface. The coating primarily consists of Fe-Ni solid solution, Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, and Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> phases. As the Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> mass percentage in the Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A composite powder increases, the formation of the Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> and Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> phases is suppressed. A pronounced stress concentration occurs at the interface between the coating and the substrate, leading to an increased dislocation density and localized grain deformation. When the Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> mass percentage reaches 45% and 55%, the coating surface exhibits a higher density of induced cracks due to the combined effects of microstructural changes and thermal influences. The maximum microhardness of the coating ranges from 520 HV<sub>1</sub> to 556 HV<sub>1</sub>, approximately three times that of the substrate. The wear resistance of the coating initially increases and then decreases with increasing Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> content. The wear resistance is optimal at a 35% Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> mass ratio, with a wear loss of 0.15 mg—five times lower than that of the substrate. The primary wear mechanism is abrasive wear, although localized fatigue and adhesive wear are also observed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53019604ab02438aa61a598bacafe4ed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-53019604ab02438aa61a598bacafe4ed2025-01-24T13:28:17ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-01-011519310.3390/cryst15010093Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston RodJiafei Pu0Viacheslav Tarelnyk1Yao Ju2Bondarev Sergii Grigorievicth3Xingrong Wang4Qi Dong5Hongfeng Wang6Weiwei Song7Technical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40490 Sumy, UkraineTechnical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40490 Sumy, UkraineTechnical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40490 Sumy, UkraineTechnical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40490 Sumy, UkraineCollege of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, ChinaTechnical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40490 Sumy, UkraineCollege of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, ChinaCollege of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, ChinaThis study investigates the preparation of a high-performance Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A coating on 45# steel through laser cladding technology. The microstructure, residual stress, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the coating are analyzed. The results reveal that the solidification structure of the molten pool exhibits a progression from coarse columnar crystals and dendrites near the interface with the substrate to equiaxial crystals at the coating surface. The coating primarily consists of Fe-Ni solid solution, Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, and Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> phases. As the Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> mass percentage in the Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A composite powder increases, the formation of the Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> and Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> phases is suppressed. A pronounced stress concentration occurs at the interface between the coating and the substrate, leading to an increased dislocation density and localized grain deformation. When the Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> mass percentage reaches 45% and 55%, the coating surface exhibits a higher density of induced cracks due to the combined effects of microstructural changes and thermal influences. The maximum microhardness of the coating ranges from 520 HV<sub>1</sub> to 556 HV<sub>1</sub>, approximately three times that of the substrate. The wear resistance of the coating initially increases and then decreases with increasing Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> content. The wear resistance is optimal at a 35% Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> mass ratio, with a wear loss of 0.15 mg—five times lower than that of the substrate. The primary wear mechanism is abrasive wear, although localized fatigue and adhesive wear are also observed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/93microstructureresidual stressmicrohardnesswear resistance |
| spellingShingle | Jiafei Pu Viacheslav Tarelnyk Yao Ju Bondarev Sergii Grigorievicth Xingrong Wang Qi Dong Hongfeng Wang Weiwei Song Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod Crystals microstructure residual stress microhardness wear resistance |
| title | Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod |
| title_full | Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod |
| title_short | Analysis of Microstructure and Performance of Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/Ni60A Coating on 45 Steel for Laser Cladding Piston Rod |
| title_sort | analysis of microstructure and performance of cr sub 3 sub c sub 2 sub ni60a coating on 45 steel for laser cladding piston rod |
| topic | microstructure residual stress microhardness wear resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/93 |
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