A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin
<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) is a ubiquitous microbe occurring in the environment and in the intestinal tract of poultry. <i>E. faecalis</i> has been identified in cases of egg infertility and/or decreased hatchability and can cause amyloid ar...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Poultry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1164/4/1/11 |
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| author | Donald L. Reynolds E. Barry Simpson Matthew M. Hille |
| author_facet | Donald L. Reynolds E. Barry Simpson Matthew M. Hille |
| author_sort | Donald L. Reynolds |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) is a ubiquitous microbe occurring in the environment and in the intestinal tract of poultry. <i>E. faecalis</i> has been identified in cases of egg infertility and/or decreased hatchability and can cause amyloid arthropathy in older laying chickens. <i>E. faecalis</i> produces cytolysin, a bacterial exotoxin that can cause lysis of erythrocytes. It has been difficult to demonstrate this virulence trait using conventional culture methods with sheep blood agar. A 96-well microplate hemolysis assay, along with a culture method incorporating glucose and L-arginine into the culture media, is described that demonstrates the production of cytolysin in <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates of avian origin. Additionally, the results show that horse and sheep erythrocytes were susceptible to lysis by the <i>E. faecalis</i> cytolysin, but cow and chicken erythrocytes were less susceptible. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52f4edee42a44ca6b6389ceb5b4784c0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2674-1164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry |
| spelling | doaj-art-52f4edee42a44ca6b6389ceb5b4784c02025-08-20T02:42:29ZengMDPI AGPoultry2674-11642025-02-01411110.3390/poultry4010011A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry OriginDonald L. Reynolds0E. Barry Simpson1Matthew M. Hille2School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USASchool of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USASchool of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) is a ubiquitous microbe occurring in the environment and in the intestinal tract of poultry. <i>E. faecalis</i> has been identified in cases of egg infertility and/or decreased hatchability and can cause amyloid arthropathy in older laying chickens. <i>E. faecalis</i> produces cytolysin, a bacterial exotoxin that can cause lysis of erythrocytes. It has been difficult to demonstrate this virulence trait using conventional culture methods with sheep blood agar. A 96-well microplate hemolysis assay, along with a culture method incorporating glucose and L-arginine into the culture media, is described that demonstrates the production of cytolysin in <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates of avian origin. Additionally, the results show that horse and sheep erythrocytes were susceptible to lysis by the <i>E. faecalis</i> cytolysin, but cow and chicken erythrocytes were less susceptible.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1164/4/1/11<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>hemolysiscytolysinavian |
| spellingShingle | Donald L. Reynolds E. Barry Simpson Matthew M. Hille A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin Poultry <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> hemolysis cytolysin avian |
| title | A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin |
| title_full | A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin |
| title_fullStr | A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin |
| title_short | A Method for Demonstrating the Cytolysin/Hemolysin of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates of Poultry Origin |
| title_sort | method for demonstrating the cytolysin hemolysin of i enterococcus faecalis i isolates of poultry origin |
| topic | <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> hemolysis cytolysin avian |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1164/4/1/11 |
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