Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study

Abstract Background Although studies have shown that physical activity may have protective effects against depression during pregnancy, evidence on the role of objectively measured physical activity remains limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between daily step counts in the second...

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Main Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Qiuqiu Mu, Peijun Chen, Yinyin He, Yexinyi Zhou, Jiawei Fang, Chenjun Tang, Jing Guo, Wenjun Du, Lin Lin, Guangdi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24181-2
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author Wenyi Zhang
Qiuqiu Mu
Peijun Chen
Yinyin He
Yexinyi Zhou
Jiawei Fang
Chenjun Tang
Jing Guo
Wenjun Du
Lin Lin
Guangdi Chen
author_facet Wenyi Zhang
Qiuqiu Mu
Peijun Chen
Yinyin He
Yexinyi Zhou
Jiawei Fang
Chenjun Tang
Jing Guo
Wenjun Du
Lin Lin
Guangdi Chen
author_sort Wenyi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Although studies have shown that physical activity may have protective effects against depression during pregnancy, evidence on the role of objectively measured physical activity remains limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between daily step counts in the second trimester and depressive symptoms at different stages of pregnancy. Methods Based on 828 pregnant women from the Ruian Birth Cohort Study, daily step counts were averaged over a week from WeChat records in the second trimester. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of daily step counts in the second trimester with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and clinically significant depressive symptoms (EPDS scores ≥ 10) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Results The 828 pregnant women took an average of 3,840 (± 2,170) steps each day in the second trimester. Higher daily step counts were associated with lower EPDS scores in both the second (a unit of 1000 steps; β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.03) and third trimesters (β: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.40 to -0.10). Additionally, higher step counts correlated with lower odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms in the third trimester (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.96). The benefits were consistent across weekends and workdays. Conclusion Distinct patterns of association between second-trimester daily step counts and depressive symptoms in the second and third trimesters highlight the potential mental health benefits of maintaining higher daily step counts. The accessibility and high user engagement make daily step counts as a particularly practical tool for monitoring physical activity during pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-52e276f817db4e31a96091a3f272f6da2025-08-24T11:55:29ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-08-0125111010.1186/s12889-025-24181-2Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort studyWenyi Zhang0Qiuqiu Mu1Peijun Chen2Yinyin He3Yexinyi Zhou4Jiawei Fang5Chenjun Tang6Jing Guo7Wenjun Du8Lin Lin9Guangdi Chen10Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of MedicineThird Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThird Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of MedicineSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityThird Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThird Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of MedicineAbstract Background Although studies have shown that physical activity may have protective effects against depression during pregnancy, evidence on the role of objectively measured physical activity remains limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between daily step counts in the second trimester and depressive symptoms at different stages of pregnancy. Methods Based on 828 pregnant women from the Ruian Birth Cohort Study, daily step counts were averaged over a week from WeChat records in the second trimester. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of daily step counts in the second trimester with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and clinically significant depressive symptoms (EPDS scores ≥ 10) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Results The 828 pregnant women took an average of 3,840 (± 2,170) steps each day in the second trimester. Higher daily step counts were associated with lower EPDS scores in both the second (a unit of 1000 steps; β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.03) and third trimesters (β: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.40 to -0.10). Additionally, higher step counts correlated with lower odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms in the third trimester (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.96). The benefits were consistent across weekends and workdays. Conclusion Distinct patterns of association between second-trimester daily step counts and depressive symptoms in the second and third trimesters highlight the potential mental health benefits of maintaining higher daily step counts. The accessibility and high user engagement make daily step counts as a particularly practical tool for monitoring physical activity during pregnancy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24181-2Physical activityStep countsDepressive symptomsPregnancyCohort study
spellingShingle Wenyi Zhang
Qiuqiu Mu
Peijun Chen
Yinyin He
Yexinyi Zhou
Jiawei Fang
Chenjun Tang
Jing Guo
Wenjun Du
Lin Lin
Guangdi Chen
Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study
BMC Public Health
Physical activity
Step counts
Depressive symptoms
Pregnancy
Cohort study
title Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study
title_full Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study
title_fullStr Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study
title_short Associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Ruian birth cohort study
title_sort associations of daily step counts with depressive symptoms during pregnancy ruian birth cohort study
topic Physical activity
Step counts
Depressive symptoms
Pregnancy
Cohort study
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24181-2
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