Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers
Landraces are a critical genetic resource for resilience breeding, offering solutions to prepare agriculture for the challenges posed by climate change. Their efficient utilisation depends on understanding their history and genetic relationships. The current study investigates the phylogenetic relat...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Hamama Guetteche Ali Jarrar Sascha Wetters Leila Rouabah Abdelkader Rouabah Abdelkader Benbelkacem Ruzanna Sadoyan Adnan Kanbar Peter Nick |
| author_facet | Hamama Guetteche Ali Jarrar Sascha Wetters Leila Rouabah Abdelkader Rouabah Abdelkader Benbelkacem Ruzanna Sadoyan Adnan Kanbar Peter Nick |
| author_sort | Hamama Guetteche |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Landraces are a critical genetic resource for resilience breeding, offering solutions to prepare agriculture for the challenges posed by climate change. Their efficient utilisation depends on understanding their history and genetic relationships. The current study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of barley landraces from Algeria, varieties from the Near and Middle East, traditional landraces, and modern cultivars from Europe. Using a core set of 33 varieties, including the wild ancestor <i>Hordeum spontaneum</i> from Armenia, genetic diversity was analysed with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers spanning all barley chromosomes. Based on the SSR-based phylogeny, the Algerian varieties are well clustered with those from the Near East, while distinct from the European varieties. The findings from RAPD markers partially support these results. Using exclusively traditional landraces, where a region of origin can be defined, the SSR markers are analysed separately for each chromosome individually, and the resulting clades are represented by the respective region of origin. This strategy resolves qualitative differences in geographic resolution, depending on the chromosome. While marker HvB23D (chromosome 4) separated the wild <i>H. spontaneum</i> from all domesticated genotypes, markers Bmag19 and Hv13GIII (chromosome 3) reveal four distinct geographic clusters (Maghreb, Near and Middle East, West Europe, Central Europe). These biogeographic patterns suggest a model, where divergence of domesticated barley due to human activity interacted with introgression of individual chromosomes from wild barley, yielding adaptive diversity. These biogeographic patterns suggest a model in which the divergence of domesticated barley, driven by human activity, interacts with the introgression of chromosomes from wild barley, resulting in the creation of adaptive genetic diversity. Our research advances our knowledge of barley landraces’ functional genomics and highlights their potential in molecular breeding, particularly for developing resilient varieties suited to diverse environmental conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52de9100aeb54884aa01e447dd8c987e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-52de9100aeb54884aa01e447dd8c987e2025-08-20T02:55:36ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-12-014612142261424310.3390/cimb46120852Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR MarkersHamama Guetteche0Ali Jarrar1Sascha Wetters2Leila Rouabah3Abdelkader Rouabah4Abdelkader Benbelkacem5Ruzanna Sadoyan6Adnan Kanbar7Peter Nick8Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Mentouri Constantine I, Constantine 2500, AlgeriaMolecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyMolecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyMolecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Mentouri Constantine I, Constantine 2500, AlgeriaMolecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Mentouri Constantine I, Constantine 2500, AlgeriaNational Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria, Algiers 16200, AlgeriaLaboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biosafety, Armenian State Pedagogical University Named After Kh, Yerevan 0010, ArmeniaMolecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyMolecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyLandraces are a critical genetic resource for resilience breeding, offering solutions to prepare agriculture for the challenges posed by climate change. Their efficient utilisation depends on understanding their history and genetic relationships. The current study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of barley landraces from Algeria, varieties from the Near and Middle East, traditional landraces, and modern cultivars from Europe. Using a core set of 33 varieties, including the wild ancestor <i>Hordeum spontaneum</i> from Armenia, genetic diversity was analysed with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers spanning all barley chromosomes. Based on the SSR-based phylogeny, the Algerian varieties are well clustered with those from the Near East, while distinct from the European varieties. The findings from RAPD markers partially support these results. Using exclusively traditional landraces, where a region of origin can be defined, the SSR markers are analysed separately for each chromosome individually, and the resulting clades are represented by the respective region of origin. This strategy resolves qualitative differences in geographic resolution, depending on the chromosome. While marker HvB23D (chromosome 4) separated the wild <i>H. spontaneum</i> from all domesticated genotypes, markers Bmag19 and Hv13GIII (chromosome 3) reveal four distinct geographic clusters (Maghreb, Near and Middle East, West Europe, Central Europe). These biogeographic patterns suggest a model, where divergence of domesticated barley due to human activity interacted with introgression of individual chromosomes from wild barley, yielding adaptive diversity. These biogeographic patterns suggest a model in which the divergence of domesticated barley, driven by human activity, interacts with the introgression of chromosomes from wild barley, resulting in the creation of adaptive genetic diversity. Our research advances our knowledge of barley landraces’ functional genomics and highlights their potential in molecular breeding, particularly for developing resilient varieties suited to diverse environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/852barleylandracesgenetic diversitymolecular markersRAPDSSR |
| spellingShingle | Hamama Guetteche Ali Jarrar Sascha Wetters Leila Rouabah Abdelkader Rouabah Abdelkader Benbelkacem Ruzanna Sadoyan Adnan Kanbar Peter Nick Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers Current Issues in Molecular Biology barley landraces genetic diversity molecular markers RAPD SSR |
| title | Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers |
| title_full | Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers |
| title_short | Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers |
| title_sort | genetic assessment and positioning of algerian barley landraces with respect to landraces from the middle east and europe using rapd and ssr markers |
| topic | barley landraces genetic diversity molecular markers RAPD SSR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/852 |
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