Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association

Background. Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The clinical course of the disease is marked by recurrent infections, including Burkholderia cepacia complex infection. Case Report. Here we report the...

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Main Authors: Maxime Maignan, Colin Verdant, Guillaume F. Bouvet, Michael Van Spall, Yves Berthiaume
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Pulmonology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/874197
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author Maxime Maignan
Colin Verdant
Guillaume F. Bouvet
Michael Van Spall
Yves Berthiaume
author_facet Maxime Maignan
Colin Verdant
Guillaume F. Bouvet
Michael Van Spall
Yves Berthiaume
author_sort Maxime Maignan
collection DOAJ
description Background. Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The clinical course of the disease is marked by recurrent infections, including Burkholderia cepacia complex infection. Case Report. Here we report the case of a 21-year-old male hospitalized for a Burkholderia cepacia complex pneumonia. Despite the broad spectrum antibiotic treatment, fever continued and patient’s condition worsened. Anemia and thrombocytopenia developed together with hypofibrinogenemia. The patient died of multiple organ dysfunction 17 days after his admission. Autopsy revealed hemophagocytosis, suggesting the diagnosis of acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. DNA analysis showed a deletion in the p47phox gene, confirming the diagnosis of autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease. Discussion. In addition to chronic granulomatous disease, recent findings have demonstrated that Burkholderia cepacia complex can decrease activity of the NADPH oxidase. Interestingly, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is characterized by an impaired function of the T-cell mediated inflammation which is partly regulated by the NADPH oxidase. Physicians should therefore pay particular attention to this deadly association.
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spelling doaj-art-52dd3050698d4256804d16144d61d57e2025-08-20T02:05:12ZengWileyCase Reports in Pulmonology2090-68462090-68542013-01-01201310.1155/2013/874197874197Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly AssociationMaxime Maignan0Colin Verdant1Guillaume F. Bouvet2Michael Van Spall3Yves Berthiaume4Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, CanadaDépartement de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, CanadaInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, CanadaCentre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W 1T8, CanadaInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, CanadaBackground. Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The clinical course of the disease is marked by recurrent infections, including Burkholderia cepacia complex infection. Case Report. Here we report the case of a 21-year-old male hospitalized for a Burkholderia cepacia complex pneumonia. Despite the broad spectrum antibiotic treatment, fever continued and patient’s condition worsened. Anemia and thrombocytopenia developed together with hypofibrinogenemia. The patient died of multiple organ dysfunction 17 days after his admission. Autopsy revealed hemophagocytosis, suggesting the diagnosis of acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. DNA analysis showed a deletion in the p47phox gene, confirming the diagnosis of autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease. Discussion. In addition to chronic granulomatous disease, recent findings have demonstrated that Burkholderia cepacia complex can decrease activity of the NADPH oxidase. Interestingly, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is characterized by an impaired function of the T-cell mediated inflammation which is partly regulated by the NADPH oxidase. Physicians should therefore pay particular attention to this deadly association.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/874197
spellingShingle Maxime Maignan
Colin Verdant
Guillaume F. Bouvet
Michael Van Spall
Yves Berthiaume
Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association
Case Reports in Pulmonology
title Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association
title_full Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association
title_fullStr Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association
title_full_unstemmed Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association
title_short Undiagnosed Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Burkholderia cepacia complex Pneumonia, and Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Deadly Association
title_sort undiagnosed chronic granulomatous disease burkholderia cepacia complex pneumonia and acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis a deadly association
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/874197
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