The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses

Recent research has focused on Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) as a viable approach to the instruction of second language writing that enables learners to self-correct their written output. The present study strived to determine the use of various WCF strategies in English for General Purposes...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohammad Zohrabi, Nava Nourdad, Israa Abbas Alsaadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 2025-10-01
Series:Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jmrels.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_3692.html
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850028852095483904
author Mohammad Zohrabi
Nava Nourdad
Israa Abbas Alsaadi
author_facet Mohammad Zohrabi
Nava Nourdad
Israa Abbas Alsaadi
author_sort Mohammad Zohrabi
collection DOAJ
description Recent research has focused on Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) as a viable approach to the instruction of second language writing that enables learners to self-correct their written output. The present study strived to determine the use of various WCF strategies in English for General Purposes (EGP) courses. Accordingly, it used a mixed-methods design to examine the utility of WCF in foreign language context of Iraq. To this end, in the quantitative phase, the researchers selected 104 intermediatelevel nursing students in four EGP classes of a public university in Iraq as the participants. Then, they assigned the learners to three experimental groups including direct, indirect, and metalinguistic groups and a control group. In addition, in the qualitative phase, the researchers randomly selected 10 students in each of the experimental groups and probed their perspectives on their relevant treatment using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview protocol. Additionally, the researchers used paired-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA to perform the data analysis in SPSS 25. Lastly, they took advantage of thematic analysis for analyzing the qualitative data of the study. Based on the results, all of the examined WCF strategies ameliorated nursing students’ writing performance. However, direct and metalinguistic WCF strategies were more efficacious than the indirect strategy. Moreover, the qualitative findings indicated that the participants had a preference for direct and metalinguistic WCF strategies. The results can have practical implications regarding the use of WCF strategies in Iraqi context.
format Article
id doaj-art-52da8da2146d49818d2b6bd680d937a9
institution DOAJ
issn 2676-5985
language English
publishDate 2025-10-01
publisher Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin,
record_format Article
series Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies
spelling doaj-art-52da8da2146d49818d2b6bd680d937a92025-08-20T02:59:42ZengImam Khomeini International University, Qazvin,Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies2676-59852025-10-01124127153The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP CoursesMohammad Zohrabi0Nava Nourdad1 Israa Abbas Alsaadi2Department of English Language, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranDepartment of English Language, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranDepartment of English Language, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranRecent research has focused on Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) as a viable approach to the instruction of second language writing that enables learners to self-correct their written output. The present study strived to determine the use of various WCF strategies in English for General Purposes (EGP) courses. Accordingly, it used a mixed-methods design to examine the utility of WCF in foreign language context of Iraq. To this end, in the quantitative phase, the researchers selected 104 intermediatelevel nursing students in four EGP classes of a public university in Iraq as the participants. Then, they assigned the learners to three experimental groups including direct, indirect, and metalinguistic groups and a control group. In addition, in the qualitative phase, the researchers randomly selected 10 students in each of the experimental groups and probed their perspectives on their relevant treatment using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview protocol. Additionally, the researchers used paired-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA to perform the data analysis in SPSS 25. Lastly, they took advantage of thematic analysis for analyzing the qualitative data of the study. Based on the results, all of the examined WCF strategies ameliorated nursing students’ writing performance. However, direct and metalinguistic WCF strategies were more efficacious than the indirect strategy. Moreover, the qualitative findings indicated that the participants had a preference for direct and metalinguistic WCF strategies. The results can have practical implications regarding the use of WCF strategies in Iraqi context.https://jmrels.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_3692.htmlenglish for general purposesdirectindirectand metalinguistic feedback strategieswcf
spellingShingle Mohammad Zohrabi
Nava Nourdad
Israa Abbas Alsaadi
The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses
Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies
english for general purposes
direct
indirect
and metalinguistic feedback strategies
wcf
title The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses
title_full The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses
title_fullStr The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses
title_full_unstemmed The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses
title_short The Impacts of Direct, Indirect, and Metalinguistic Feedback Strategies on Iraqi Students’ Writing Performance in EGP Courses
title_sort impacts of direct indirect and metalinguistic feedback strategies on iraqi students writing performance in egp courses
topic english for general purposes
direct
indirect
and metalinguistic feedback strategies
wcf
url https://jmrels.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_3692.html
work_keys_str_mv AT mohammadzohrabi theimpactsofdirectindirectandmetalinguisticfeedbackstrategiesoniraqistudentswritingperformanceinegpcourses
AT navanourdad theimpactsofdirectindirectandmetalinguisticfeedbackstrategiesoniraqistudentswritingperformanceinegpcourses
AT israaabbasalsaadi theimpactsofdirectindirectandmetalinguisticfeedbackstrategiesoniraqistudentswritingperformanceinegpcourses
AT mohammadzohrabi impactsofdirectindirectandmetalinguisticfeedbackstrategiesoniraqistudentswritingperformanceinegpcourses
AT navanourdad impactsofdirectindirectandmetalinguisticfeedbackstrategiesoniraqistudentswritingperformanceinegpcourses
AT israaabbasalsaadi impactsofdirectindirectandmetalinguisticfeedbackstrategiesoniraqistudentswritingperformanceinegpcourses