Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study

Background Individuals who experience assaultive firearm injury are at elevated risk for violent reinjury and multiple negative physical and psychological health outcomes. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) may improve patient outcomes through intensive, community-based case manag...

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Main Authors: Marcie Gawel, Christopher S Schenck, James Dodington, Lucero Paredes, Antwan Nedd, Pepe Vega, Kathleen M O’Neill
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-11-01
Series:Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
Online Access:https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001120.full
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author Marcie Gawel
Christopher S Schenck
James Dodington
Lucero Paredes
Antwan Nedd
Pepe Vega
Kathleen M O’Neill
author_facet Marcie Gawel
Christopher S Schenck
James Dodington
Lucero Paredes
Antwan Nedd
Pepe Vega
Kathleen M O’Neill
author_sort Marcie Gawel
collection DOAJ
description Background Individuals who experience assaultive firearm injury are at elevated risk for violent reinjury and multiple negative physical and psychological health outcomes. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) may improve patient outcomes through intensive, community-based case management.Methods We conducted a multimethod evaluation of an emerging HVIP at a large trauma center using the RE-AIM framework. We assessed recruitment, violent reinjury outcomes, and service provision from 2020 to 2022. Semistructured, qualitative interviews were performed with HVIP participants and program administrators to elicit experiences with HVIP services. Directed content analysis was used to generate and organize codes from the data. We also conducted clinician surveys to assess awareness and referral patterns.Results Of the 319 HVIP-eligible individuals who presented with non-fatal assaultive firearm injury, 39 individuals (12%) were enrolled in the HVIP. Inpatient admission was independently associated with HVIP enrollment (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2; p=0.01). Facilitators of Reach included engaging with credible messengers, personal relationships with HVIP program administrators, and encouragement from family to enroll. Fear of disclosure to police was cited as a key barrier to enrollment. For the Effectiveness domain, enrollment was not associated with reinjury (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.16 to 3.1). Participants identified key areas of focus where needs were not met including housing and mental health. Limited awareness of HVIP services was a barrier to Adoption. Participants described strengths of Implementation, highlighting the deep relationships built between clients and administrators. For the long-term Maintenance of the program, both clinicians and HVIP clients reported that there is a need for HVIP services for individuals who experience violent injury.Conclusions Credible messengers facilitate engagement with potential participants, whereas concerns around police involvement is an important barrier. Inpatient admission provides an opportunity to engage patients and may facilitate recruitment. HVIPs may benefit from increased program intensity.Level of evidence IV.
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spelling doaj-art-52d71c0fc491418e849771d4a429bedd2025-08-20T03:42:15ZengBMJ Publishing GroupTrauma Surgery & Acute Care Open2397-57762023-11-018110.1136/tsaco-2023-001120Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod studyMarcie Gawel0Christopher S Schenck1James Dodington2Lucero Paredes3Antwan Nedd4Pepe Vega5Kathleen M O’Neill6Center for Injury & Violence Prevention, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USADepartment of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USACenter for Injury & Violence Prevention, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USADepartment of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USACenter for Injury & Violence Prevention, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USACenter for Injury & Violence Prevention, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USADepartment of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USABackground Individuals who experience assaultive firearm injury are at elevated risk for violent reinjury and multiple negative physical and psychological health outcomes. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) may improve patient outcomes through intensive, community-based case management.Methods We conducted a multimethod evaluation of an emerging HVIP at a large trauma center using the RE-AIM framework. We assessed recruitment, violent reinjury outcomes, and service provision from 2020 to 2022. Semistructured, qualitative interviews were performed with HVIP participants and program administrators to elicit experiences with HVIP services. Directed content analysis was used to generate and organize codes from the data. We also conducted clinician surveys to assess awareness and referral patterns.Results Of the 319 HVIP-eligible individuals who presented with non-fatal assaultive firearm injury, 39 individuals (12%) were enrolled in the HVIP. Inpatient admission was independently associated with HVIP enrollment (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2; p=0.01). Facilitators of Reach included engaging with credible messengers, personal relationships with HVIP program administrators, and encouragement from family to enroll. Fear of disclosure to police was cited as a key barrier to enrollment. For the Effectiveness domain, enrollment was not associated with reinjury (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.16 to 3.1). Participants identified key areas of focus where needs were not met including housing and mental health. Limited awareness of HVIP services was a barrier to Adoption. Participants described strengths of Implementation, highlighting the deep relationships built between clients and administrators. For the long-term Maintenance of the program, both clinicians and HVIP clients reported that there is a need for HVIP services for individuals who experience violent injury.Conclusions Credible messengers facilitate engagement with potential participants, whereas concerns around police involvement is an important barrier. Inpatient admission provides an opportunity to engage patients and may facilitate recruitment. HVIPs may benefit from increased program intensity.Level of evidence IV.https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001120.full
spellingShingle Marcie Gawel
Christopher S Schenck
James Dodington
Lucero Paredes
Antwan Nedd
Pepe Vega
Kathleen M O’Neill
Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
title Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
title_full Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
title_fullStr Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
title_full_unstemmed Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
title_short Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
title_sort implementation of an emerging hospital based violence intervention program a multimethod study
url https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001120.full
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