Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol.
<h4>Background</h4>Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly half of children with severe malaria and increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as death and poor cognitive function. The pathogenesis and predictors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury (MAKI) are not fully described....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316205 |
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| author | Chisambo Mwaba Sody Munsaka David Mwakazanga David Rutagwerae Owen Ngalamika Suzanna Mwanza Mignon McCulloch Evans Mpabalwani |
| author_facet | Chisambo Mwaba Sody Munsaka David Mwakazanga David Rutagwerae Owen Ngalamika Suzanna Mwanza Mignon McCulloch Evans Mpabalwani |
| author_sort | Chisambo Mwaba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly half of children with severe malaria and increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as death and poor cognitive function. The pathogenesis and predictors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury (MAKI) are not fully described. This study aims to determine the clinical, immune, and genetic correlates of risk to AKI in Zambian children admitted with malaria. In addition, we intend to assess a modified renal angina index (mRAI), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR), when done on the first day of admission, for the ability to predict AKI two days later (day 3) in children admitted with malaria.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an unmatched case-control study with a nested prospective observational study. A case-to-control ratio of 1:1 is used and 380 children with malaria and aged less than 16 years are being recruited from two hospitals in Zambia. Eligible children are recruited after obtaining written informed consent. Recruitment occurs during the malaria season and began on 6th March 2024 and will continue until July 2025. AKI is defined using the 2012 KIDGO AKI creatinine criteria, and cases are defined as children admitted with malaria who develop AKI within 72 hours of admission, while controls are children admitted with malaria but with no AKI. Serum creatinine is collected on Day 1 within 24 hours of admission, on Day 3 and then again on discharge or day 7, whichever comes sooner. Baseline biomarker concentrations will be determined using the Luminex multiplex Elisa system or high-sensitivity ELISA. SPSS version 29 will be used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests will be run as appropriate. A p ≤ 0.05 will be considered as significant. The sensitivity, specificity, and estimates of the area under the curve (AUC) for the renal angina score will be determined. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52cbde6d968f4998be2c32aa18f6a508 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-52cbde6d968f4998be2c32aa18f6a5082025-02-12T05:31:00ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031620510.1371/journal.pone.0316205Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol.Chisambo MwabaSody MunsakaDavid MwakazangaDavid RutagweraeOwen NgalamikaSuzanna MwanzaMignon McCullochEvans Mpabalwani<h4>Background</h4>Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly half of children with severe malaria and increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as death and poor cognitive function. The pathogenesis and predictors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury (MAKI) are not fully described. This study aims to determine the clinical, immune, and genetic correlates of risk to AKI in Zambian children admitted with malaria. In addition, we intend to assess a modified renal angina index (mRAI), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR), when done on the first day of admission, for the ability to predict AKI two days later (day 3) in children admitted with malaria.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an unmatched case-control study with a nested prospective observational study. A case-to-control ratio of 1:1 is used and 380 children with malaria and aged less than 16 years are being recruited from two hospitals in Zambia. Eligible children are recruited after obtaining written informed consent. Recruitment occurs during the malaria season and began on 6th March 2024 and will continue until July 2025. AKI is defined using the 2012 KIDGO AKI creatinine criteria, and cases are defined as children admitted with malaria who develop AKI within 72 hours of admission, while controls are children admitted with malaria but with no AKI. Serum creatinine is collected on Day 1 within 24 hours of admission, on Day 3 and then again on discharge or day 7, whichever comes sooner. Baseline biomarker concentrations will be determined using the Luminex multiplex Elisa system or high-sensitivity ELISA. SPSS version 29 will be used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests will be run as appropriate. A p ≤ 0.05 will be considered as significant. The sensitivity, specificity, and estimates of the area under the curve (AUC) for the renal angina score will be determined.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316205 |
| spellingShingle | Chisambo Mwaba Sody Munsaka David Mwakazanga David Rutagwerae Owen Ngalamika Suzanna Mwanza Mignon McCulloch Evans Mpabalwani Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. PLoS ONE |
| title | Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. |
| title_full | Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. |
| title_fullStr | Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. |
| title_short | Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. |
| title_sort | clinical immune and genetic risk factors of malaria associated acute kidney injury in zambian children a study protocol |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316205 |
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